# US 12,016,042 B2 · Dynamic switching between uplink waveforms

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- Number: US 12,016,042 B2
- Document ID: US12016042B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/115,564
- Filed: 2020-12-08
- Published: 2022-06-09
- Granted: 2024-06-18
- Earliest claimed: 2020-12-08
- Assignees: T-Mobile USA, Inc.
- Applicants: T-Mobile USA, Inc.
- Inventors: Wafik Abdel Shahid; Ming Shan Kwok
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12016042B2

## CPC

- H04L 27/0008: {arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation (negotiating modulation type for two-way transmission paths H04L5/1453)}
- H04W 72/53: based on regulatory allocation policies
- G06N 20/00: Machine learning
- H04L 27/2607: {Cyclic extensions}
- H04L 27/2627: {Modulators}
- H04L 27/2636: {with FFT or DFT modulators, e.g. standard single-carrier frequency-division multiple access [SC-FDMA] transmitter or DFT spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [DFT-SOFDM]}
- H04W 52/241: {taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR or Eb/lo}
- H04W 52/242: {taking into account path loss}
- H04W 52/365: {Power headroom reporting}
- H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W 72/0453: Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
- H04W 72/21: in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network
- H04W 76/27: Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS

## Abstract

Techniques for dynamically switching between uplink waveforms are discussed herein. For example, data received at a base station may provide the base station with information associated with a user equipment (UE). The base station may select a waveform for the UE to utilize during uplink transmissions in order to maximize performance of the UE. In some examples, the base station may select a DFT-s-OFDM or a CP-OFDM for the UE to utilize during the uplink transmission. The base station may determine which waveform to utilize based on data received from the UE, such as location data, signal data, and/or UE state data.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method comprising:
receiving, at a base station, first uplink data sent from a user equipment (UE);
determining, based at least in part on the first uplink data, location data, signal data, and UE state data;
inputting the location data, the signal data, and the UE state data to a machine learned model, wherein the machine learned model associates a first uplink waveform with data meeting at least one of a plurality of thresholds and a second uplink waveform with data that does not meet at least one of the plurality of the thresholds, and the first uplink waveform is one of a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform and a Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) waveform and the second uplink waveform is the other of DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM;
receiving, from the machine learned model, an uplink waveform for a transmission associated with the UE, wherein the uplink waveform is one of the first uplink waveform and the second uplink waveform and is determined by the machine learned model by a comparison of the location data, the signal data, and the UE state data to the plurality of thresholds;
sending an indication of the uplink waveform to the UE in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and
receiving second uplink data sent from the UE in accordance with the uplink waveform.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the location data, the signal data, and the UE state data comprises inputting the location data, the method further comprising:
determining that a distance between the base station and the UE is above a threshold distance, wherein the threshold distance is one threshold of the plurality of thresholds; and
determining the uplink waveform based at least in part on the distance being above the threshold distance.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein inputting the location data, the signal data, and the UE state data comprises inputting the signal data, wherein the signal data comprises at least one of:
transmission power headroom data received from the UE;
uplink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data as determined by the base station; or
uplink path loss data determined by the base station.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the UE state data comprises at least one of:
an indication that the UE is associated with a low power mode;
an amount of power in a battery associated with the UE; or
a charge state indication associated with the UE.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the base station is a Fifth-Generation (5G) base station.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the uplink waveform is not sent in association with a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the indication is a first indication, the method further comprising:
receiving a second indication of a traffic type to be transmitted by the UE; and
determining the uplink waveform further based at least in part on the traffic type.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a congestion level associated with the base station; and
inputting the congestion level to the machine learned model, wherein the uplink waveform is further based at least in part on the congestion level.

### Claim 9

A system comprising:
one or more processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a base station, first uplink data sent from a user equipment (UE);
determining, based at least in part on the first uplink data, multiple ones of location data, signal data, or UE state data;
determining, based at least in part on the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data, an uplink waveform for a transmission associated with the UE, wherein:
the uplink waveform is one of a first uplink waveform and a second uplink waveform and is determined by a comparison of the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data to a plurality of thresholds,
the first uplink waveform is associated with data meeting at least one threshold of the plurality of thresholds and the second uplink waveform is associated with data that does not meet at least one threshold of the plurality of thresholds, and
the first uplink waveform is one of a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform and a Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) waveform and the second uplink waveform is the other of DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM;
sending an indication of the uplink waveform to the UE in a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH); and
receiving second uplink data sent from the UE in accordance with the uplink waveform.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein determining the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data comprises determining the location data, the operations further comprising:
determining that a distance between the base station and the UE is above a threshold distance, the threshold distance being a threshold of the plurality of thresholds; and
determining the uplink waveform based at least in part on the distance being above the threshold distance.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein determining the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data comprise determining the signal data, wherein the signal data comprises at least one of:
transmission power headroom data received from the UE;
uplink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) data as determined by the base station; or
uplink path loss data determined by the base station.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein determining the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data comprises determining the UE state data, wherein the UE state data comprises at least one of:
an indication that the UE is associated with a low power mode;
an amount of power in a battery associated with the UE; or
a charge state indication associated with the UE.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein determining the uplink waveform for the transmission associated with the UE comprises inputting the multiple ones of the location data, the signal data, or the UE state data to a machine learned model trained to determine the uplink waveform.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the indication of the uplink waveform is not sent in association with a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.

### Claim 15

A user equipment (UE) comprising:
one or more processors; and
one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
sending, to a base station, first uplink data using a first uplink waveform, wherein the first uplink data comprises multiple ones of location data, signal data, or UE state data;
receiving an indication to switch to a second uplink waveform via a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), wherein the indication is determined by the base station based on a comparison of the first uplink data to a plurality of thresholds of a machine learned model; and
sending, to the base station, second uplink data using the second uplink waveform, wherein the first uplink waveform is one of a Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform and a Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) waveform and the second uplink waveform is the other of DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The UE of claim 15, wherein receiving the indication to switch to the second uplink waveform comprises accessing a bit in resource element seven (RE 7) in a third physical resource block (PRB) of the PDCCH.