# US 12,015,507 B2 · Training in communication systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,507 B2 - Document ID: US12015507B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/013,586 - Filed: 2020-06-29 - Published: 2023-08-03 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2020-06-29 - Assignees: Nokia Technologies Oy - Applicants: Nokia Technologies Oy - Inventors: Faycal Ait Aoudia; Jakob Hoydis - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015507B2 ## CPC - H04L 25/03165: {using neural networks} - G06N 3/045: Combinations of networks - G06N 3/0455: Auto-encoder networks; Encoder-decoder networks - G06N 3/0495: Quantised networks; Sparse networks; Compressed networks - G06N 3/0499: Feedforward networks - G06N 3/088: Non-supervised learning, e.g. competitive learning - G06N 3/09: Supervised learning - H04B 7/0615: {of weighted versions of same signal} - H04L 25/03343: {Arrangements at the transmitter end} - G06F 18/2413: based on distances to training or reference patterns - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS - H04B: TRANSMISSION - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) ## Abstract An apparatus, method and computer program is described including: receiving, at a receiver of a transmissions system, transmitted signals from each of a plurality of transmitters, wherein each transmitter communicates with the receiver over one of a plurality of channels of the transmission system, wherein each transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights, wherein each transmitter algorithm has the same trainable weights and wherein each of the transmitted signals is based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; updating the weights of the transmitter algorithm, at the receiver, based on a loss function; providing the updated weights to each transmitter of the transmission system; and repeating the receiving and updating until a first condition is reached. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: receiving, at a receiver of a transmissions system, transmitted signals from a plurality of transmitters, wherein the transmitter communicates with the receiver over one of a plurality of channels of the transmission system, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights, wherein the transmitter algorithm has the same trainable weights and wherein the transmitted signals are based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; updating said weights of said transmitter algorithm, at the receiver, based on a loss function; providing said updated weights to the transmitter of the transmission system; and repeating the receiving and updating until a first condition is reached. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loss function is determined at the receiver based on a sum of losses for a plurality of symbols transmitted from the plurality of transmitters, based on the knowledge, at the receiver, of the respective channel symbols and the respective perturbations. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver includes a receiver algorithm having at least some trainable weights. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: training the at least some trainable weights of the receiver algorithm. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first condition comprises a defined number of iterations. ### Claim 6 An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: transmitting signals from one of a plurality of transmitters of a transmission system to a receiver of the transmissions system, wherein the plurality of transmitters communicates with the receiver over one of a plurality of channels of the transmission system, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights, wherein the transmitter has the same trainable weights and wherein the transmitted signals are based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; and receiving updated weights of said transmitter algorithm from the receiver, wherein said weights are updated at the receiver based on a loss function. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the channel symbols or the perturbations are generated pseudo-randomly. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: initialising said trainable weights of said transmitter algorithm. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the receiver is a communication node of a mobile communication system. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said transmitter algorithm is implemented using neural networks. ### Claim 11 An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: transmitting signals from one or more of the plurality of transmitters to the receiver, wherein the plurality of transmitters communicates with the receiver over one of the plurality of channels, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm including transmitter parameters having at least some trainable weights, wherein the transmitter has the same trainable weights and wherein the transmitted signals are based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; receiving the transmitted signals at the receiver of the transmissions system; updating said weights of said transmitter algorithm, at the receiver, based on a loss function; providing said updated weights to the transmitter of the transmission system; and repeating the receiving and updating until a first condition is reached. ### Claim 12 A method comprising: receiving, at a receiver of a transmissions system, transmitted signals from a plurality of transmitters, wherein the transmitter communicates with the receiver over one of a plurality of channels of the transmission system, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights, wherein the transmitter algorithm has the same trainable weights and wherein the transmitted signals are based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; updating said weights of said transmitter algorithm, at the receiver, based on a loss function; providing said updated weights to the transmitter of the transmission system; and repeating the receiving and updating until a first condition is reached. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A non-transitory program storage device readable by an apparatus, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable with the apparatus for performing operations of claim 12. ### Claim 14 A method comprising: transmitting signals from one of a plurality of transmitters of a transmission system to a receiver of the transmissions system, wherein the plurality of transmitters communicates with the receiver over one of a plurality of channels of the transmission system, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter algorithm having at least some trainable weights, wherein the transmitter has the same trainable weights and wherein the transmitted signals are based on a perturbed channel symbol generated at the respective transmitter, wherein the channel symbols and perturbations are known to the receiver; and receiving updated weights of said transmitter algorithm from the receiver, wherein said weights are updated at the receiver based on a loss function. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A non-transitory program storage device readable by an apparatus, tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable with the apparatus for performing operations of claim 14.