# US 12,015,476 B2 · Data inversion techniques > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,476 B2 - Document ID: US12015476B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/108,065 - Filed: 2023-02-10 - Published: 2023-06-15 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2020-01-22 - Assignees: Micron Technology, Inc. - Applicants: Micron Technology, Inc. - Inventors: Stefan Dietrich; Thomas Hein; Natalija Jovanovic; Ronny Schneider; Michael Dieter Richter; Martin Brox - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015476B2 ## CPC - H04L 1/0003: {by switching between different modulation schemes} - H04L 27/3488: {Multiresolution systems} - H04L 25/4917: {using multilevel codes} - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Methods, systems, and devices for data inversion techniques are described to enable a memory device to transmit or receive a multi-symbol signal that includes more than two (2) physical levels. Some portions of some multi-symbol signals may be inverted. A transmitting device may determine to invert one or more data symbols based on one or more parameters. A receiving device may determine that one or more data symbols are inverted and may re-invert the one or more data symbols (e.g., to an original value). When receiving or transmitting a multi-symbol signal, a device may invert or re-invert a data symbol by changing a value of one bit of the data symbol. Additionally or alternatively, a device may invert or re-invert a data symbol of a multi-symbol signal by inverting a physical level of the signal across an axis located between or associated with one or more physical levels. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: identifying, for transmission, data symbols of a signal modulated with a modulation scheme that includes at least four physical levels, wherein each data symbol comprises multiple bits; determining to invert one or more data symbols of the data symbols of the signal; inverting the one or more data symbols by respectively changing a physical level of at least one data symbol of the one or more data symbols from a first physical level to a second physical level; and transmitting the data symbols, based at least in part on inverting the one or more data symbols, via the signal modulated with the modulation scheme that includes the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: mapping each data symbol of the data symbols with a respective physical level of the at least four physical levels, wherein transmitting the data symbols is based at least in part on mapping each data symbol with the respective physical level. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein inverting the one or more data symbols comprises: inverting the one or more data symbols over a signal axis between a first intermediate physical level and a second intermediate physical level of the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the modulation scheme further comprises at least four logic levels that are each associated with a data symbol, the modulation scheme relating each physical level of the at least four physical levels with a respective logic level of the at least four logic levels. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining an indication that indicates one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted, wherein transmitting the data symbols via the signal comprises transmitting the indication via the signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first physical level comprises a highest physical level of the at least four physical levels and the second physical level comprises a lowest physical level of the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 7 A method, comprising: identifying, for transmission, data symbols of a signal modulated with a modulation scheme that includes at least four physical levels, wherein each data symbol comprises multiple bits; determining to invert one or more data symbols of the data symbols of the signal; inverting the one or more data symbols by respectively changing a physical level of at least one data symbol of the one or more data symbols from a first physical level to a second physical level, wherein inverting the one or more data symbols comprises inverting the one or more data symbols over a signal axis between a first intermediate physical level and a second intermediate physical level of the at least four physical levels and changing the first physical level corresponding to a non-inverted data symbol of the one or more data symbols to the second physical level corresponding to an inverted data symbol, wherein the second physical level is located at an equal distance from the signal axis as the first physical level; and transmitting the data symbols, based at least in part on inverting the one or more data symbols, via the signal modulated with the modulation scheme that includes the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 8 A method, comprising: receiving data symbols via a signal modulated with a modulation scheme that includes at least four physical levels, wherein each data symbol comprises multiple bits; determining that one or more data symbols of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted based at least in part on an indication in the signal; and re-inverting the one or more data symbols by respectively changing a physical level of at least one data symbol of the one or more data symbols from a first physical level of the at least four physical levels to a second physical level of the at least four physical levels based at least in part on determining that one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the signal comprises at least one physical level of the at least four physical levels, the method further comprising: mapping the at least one physical level of the signal with a respective data symbol of the data symbols, wherein receiving the data symbols is based at least in part on mapping the at least one physical level with the respective data symbol. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein determining that the one or more data symbols have been inverted based at least in part on the indication comprises: determining that one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted based at least in part on a value of a field of the signal, a value of a symbol of the signal, a value of a bit of the signal, the modulation scheme of the signal, or any combination thereof. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the modulation scheme comprises a signal axis at a physical level at half of a distance between a first intermediate physical level and a second intermediate physical level of the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the modulation scheme further includes at least four logic levels that are each associated with a data symbol, the modulation scheme relating each physical level of the at least four physical levels with a respective logic level of the at least four logic levels. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the first physical level comprises a highest physical level of the at least four physical levels and the second physical level comprises a lowest physical level of the at least four physical levels. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the indication in the signal comprises a value of a field of the signal, a value of a symbol of the signal, a value of a bit of the signal, the modulation scheme of the signal, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 15 A method, comprising: receiving data symbols via a signal modulated with a modulation scheme that includes at least four physical levels, wherein each data symbol comprises multiple bits, and wherein the modulation scheme comprises a signal axis at a physical level at half of a distance between a first intermediate physical level and a second intermediate physical level of the at least four physical levels; determining that one or more data symbols of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted based at least in part on an indication in the signal; and re-inverting the one or more data symbols by respectively changing a physical level of at least one data symbol of the one or more data symbols from a first physical level of the at least four physical levels to a second physical level of the at least four physical levels based at least in part on determining that one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted, wherein re-inverting the one or more data symbols comprises changing the first physical level corresponding to an inverted data symbol of the one or more data symbols to the second physical level corresponding to a re-inverted data symbol, wherein the second physical level is located at an equal distance from the signal axis as the first physical level. ### Claim 16 A memory device, comprising: a receiver configured to receive data symbols via a signal modulated with a modulation scheme that includes at least four logic levels, wherein each data symbol comprises a most significant bit and a least significant bit; one or more controllers coupled with the receiver and configured to determine that one or more data symbols of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted based at least in part on an indication in the signal; and a decoder coupled with the receiver and configured to re-invert the one or more data symbols by changing a value of the most significant bit of each of the one or more data symbols based at least in part on determining that one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The memory device of claim 16, wherein the modulation scheme further comprises at least four physical levels, the modulation scheme relating each physical level of the at least four physical levels to a respective logic level of the at least four logic levels. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The memory device of claim 17, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to: map at least one physical level of the at least four physical levels with the respective logic level, the respective logic level associated with a data symbol of the data symbols. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The memory device of claim 16, wherein the decoder is further configured to: change, for each of the one or more data symbols, a value of the most significant bit from a value of 0 to a value of 1 or from a value of 1 to a value of 0. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The memory device of claim 16, wherein the one or more controllers are further configured to: determine that one or more of the data symbols of the signal have been inverted based at least in part on a value of a field of the signal, a value of a symbol of the signal, a value of a bit of the signal, the modulation scheme of the signal, or any combination thereof.