# US 12,015,475 B2 · Techniques for using discrete spectra > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,475 B2 - Document ID: US12015475B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/339,275 - Filed: 2021-06-04 - Published: 2021-10-21 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2018-12-05 - Assignees: Zte Corporation - Applicants: ZTE Corporation - Inventors: Yu Xin; Tong Bao - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015475B2 ## CPC - H04J 13/16: Code allocation - H04L 5/0016: {Time-frequency-code} - H04L 5/0007: {the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT} - H04L 5/026: {using code division (code allocation applied as frequency-domain sequences H04L5/0021)} - H04L 27/2602: {Signal structure} - H04L 27/26025: {Numerology, i.e. varying one or more of symbol duration, subcarrier spacing, Fourier transform size, sampling rate or down-clocking (allocating sub-channels of the transmission path H04L5/003)} - H04L 27/2605: {Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]} - H04L 27/2628: {Inverse Fourier transform modulators, e.g. inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators (H04L27/2634 takes precedence)} - H04J 13/0048: {Walsh} - H04L 5/0023: {Time-frequency-space} - H04L 27/2614: {Peak power aspects} - H04W 16/14: Spectrum sharing arrangements {between different networks} - Y02D 30/70: in wireless communication networks - H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract Methods, apparatus, and systems for efficiently utilizing scattered narrow spectra without introducing interference among adjacent frequency bands are described. In one example aspect, a wireless communication method includes determining a set of time-domain symbols by applying an inverse Fourier transform to a set of processed data modulated on multiple subcarrier groups. Each subcarrier group comprises an even number of subcarriers and adjacent subcarrier groups are separated by one or more unused subcarriers. The set of processed data is determined by applying a first spreading code to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×m subcarriers when m is a positive odd number and applying one or more spreading codes to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers when n is a positive even number. The method also includes transmitting the set of time-domain symbols. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wireless communication method, comprising: determining a set of time-domain symbols by applying an inverse Fourier transform to a set of processed data modulated on multiple subcarrier groups, wherein each subcarrier group comprises an even number of subcarriers and adjacent subcarrier groups are separated by unused subcarriers, wherein a number of the unused subcarriers is greater than or equal to a number of subcarriers in any of the adjacent subcarrier groups, and wherein the set of processed data is determined by: applying a first spreading code [1, −1] to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×m subcarriers based on a determination that m is a positive odd number, and applying one or more spreading codes of length 2 or of length 4 to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers based on a determination that n is a positive even number; and transmitting the set of time-domain symbols. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the one or more spreading codes to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers comprises applying a spreading code of [1, −1] to uplink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the applying the one or more spreading codes to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers comprises applying at least one of spreading code [1, −1, −1, 1], [1, −1, 1, −1], or [1, 1, −1, −1] to downlink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the set of processed data modulated on the multiple subcarrier groups includes multiple layers, and wherein the set of processed data is determined by: applying different spreading codes to different layers of the data to obtain multiple sequences of spread data; and multiplexing the multiple sequences of spread data to obtain the set of processed data. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the set of processed data is determined by: for different subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers, applying different spreading codes to data carried in the individual subcarrier groups. ### Claim 6 A wireless communication method, comprising: receiving a set of time-domain symbols carrying a set of processed data modulated on multiple subcarrier groups, wherein each subcarrier group comprises an even number of subcarriers and adjacent subcarrier groups are separated by unused subcarriers, wherein a number of the unused subcarriers is greater than or equal to a number of subcarriers in any of the adjacent subcarrier groups, and wherein the set of processed data corresponds to an output of: a first spreading code [1, −1] applied to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×m subcarriers based on m being a positive odd number, and one or more spreading codes of length 2 or of length 4 applied to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers based on n being a positive even number; and demodulating the set of time-domain symbols to obtain time domain data. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the applying the one or more spreading codes to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers comprises applying a spreading code of [1, −1] to uplink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the applying the one or more spreading codes to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers comprises applying at least one of spreading code [1, −1, −1, 1], [1, −1, 1, −1], or [1, 1, −1, −1] to downlink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the set of processed data modulated on the multiple subcarrier groups includes multiple layers, and wherein the set of processed data corresponds to an output of: applying different spreading codes to different layers of the data to obtain multiple sequences of spread data; and multiplexing the multiple sequences of spread data to obtain the set of processed data. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the set of processed data corresponds to an output of: for different subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers, applying different spreading codes to data carried in the individual subcarrier groups. ### Claim 11 A communication apparatus, comprising a processor configured to implement a method, comprising: determine a set of time-domain symbols by an application of an inverse Fourier transform to a set of processed data modulated on multiple subcarrier groups, wherein each subcarrier group comprises an even number of subcarriers and adjacent subcarrier groups are separated by unused subcarriers, wherein a number of the unused subcarriers is greater than or equal to a number of subcarriers in any of the adjacent subcarrier groups, and wherein the set of processed data is determined by the processor configured to: apply a first spreading code [1, −1] to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×m subcarriers based on a determination that m is a positive odd number, and apply one or more spreading codes of length 2 or of length 4 to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers based on a determination that n is a positive even number; and transmit the set of time-domain symbols. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The communication apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more spreading codes are applied to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers by the processor configured to apply a spreading code of [1, −1] to uplink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The communication apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more spreading codes are applied to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers by the processor configured to apply at least one of spreading code [1, −1, −1, 1], [1, −1, 1, −1], or [1, 1, −1, −1] to downlink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 14 A communication apparatus, comprising a processor configured to implement a method, comprising: receive a set of time-domain symbols carrying a set of processed data modulated on multiple subcarrier groups, wherein each subcarrier group comprises an even number of subcarriers and adjacent subcarrier groups are separated by unused subcarriers, wherein a number of the unused subcarriers is greater than or equal to a number of subcarriers in any of the adjacent subcarrier groups, and wherein the set of processed data corresponds to an output of: a first spreading code [1, −1] applied to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×m subcarriers based on m being a positive odd number, and one or more spreading codes of length 2 or of length 4 applied to data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers based on n being a positive even number; and demodulate the set of time-domain symbols to obtain time domain data. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The communication apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more spreading codes are applied to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers by the processor configured to apply a spreading code of [1, −1] to uplink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The communication apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more spreading codes are applied to the data carried in subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers by the processor configured to apply at least one of spreading code [1, −1, −1, 1], [1, −1, 1, −1], or [1, 1, −1, −1] to downlink data carried in the subcarrier groups having 2×n subcarriers.