# US 12,015,458 B2 · Technique for precoding a radio transmission > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,458 B2 - Document ID: US12015458B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/634,084 - Filed: 2019-08-09 - Published: 2022-11-03 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2019-08-09 - Assignees: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Applicants: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Inventors: Mohammadreza Malek Mohammadi; Karl Werner; Niklas Jaldén - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015458B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0456: Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting - H04B 7/046: {taking physical layer constraints into account} - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04B 7/0632: {Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]} - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract A technique for transmitting on a multiple-input channel from a transmitting device to at least one receiving device is described. As to a method of the technique, a quality of a channel estimate of the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device is determined. A transmission on the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device is performed. The transmission is spatially precoded using at least one precoder determined out of a set of precoders. A size of the set of precoders is an increasing or non-decreasing function of the determined quality of the channel estimate. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of transmitting on a multiple-input channel from a transmitting device to at least one receiving device, the method comprising or initiating the steps of: determining a quality of a channel estimate of the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device; and transmitting on the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device, wherein the transmission is spatially precoded using at least one precoder determined out of a set of precoders, wherein a size of the set of precoders is an increasing or non-decreasing function of the determined quality of the channel estimate; wherein the set is a first set if the determined quality is less than a first quality threshold value, and the set is a second set if the determined quality is greater than the first quality threshold value, and wherein the first set is a proper subset of the second set, and wherein the second set is the superset and the first set is the proper subset of the second set resulting from restricting the second set according to a constraint depending on the determined quality of the channel estimate. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission uses first and second frequency bands, first and second resource blocks, or first and second subcarriers, and wherein the constraint is applied to the first frequency band, the first resource block, or the first subcarrier, while the precoder used for the second frequency band, the second resource block or the second subcarrier is determined independent of the quality of the channel estimate. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the constraint comprises a frequency-selectivity that is a function of the determined quality of the channel estimate and/or wherein the set is frequency-selective depending on the determined quality of the channel estimate. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the constraint comprises a relation or a correlation between precoders determined or available for the determination in different frequency bands, in different resource blocks, or in different subcarriers. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein each of the precoders in the set defines complex gains for respective multiple inputs of the multiple-input channel, and wherein the constraint restricts the complex gains to an equal amplitude. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising or initiating at least one of the steps of: switching the set from the second set to the first set when the determined quality falls below the first quality threshold value; and switching the set from the first set to the second set when the determined quality exceeds the first quality threshold value or the second quality threshold value. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the switching comprises switching between a first control mechanism and second control mechanism for determining the at least one precoder out of the first and second sets of precoders, respectively. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein each of the precoders in the first set is normalized, and/or wherein all of the precoders in the first set are mutually orthogonal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first set comprises a grid of beams (GoB) and wherein a first control mechanism for determining the at least one precoder out of the first set of precoders determines the at least one precoder that matches a direction of arrival (DoA) measured for signals from the respective receiving device. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the second set comprises linear combinations of the precoders in the first set. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one precoder is determined out of the second set using at least one of a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the channel estimate and a minimum mean square error (MMSE) of the channel estimate. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first quality threshold value depends on at least one of channel conditions of the multiple-input channel, delay spread of the multiple-input channel, spatial correlation of the multiple-input channel and an angular spread of the multiple-input channel. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first quality threshold value is independent of a number of the multiple inputs or the multiple-input channel, particularly independent of a number of antenna elements used for the transmission. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising or initiating the step of: computing the first quality threshold value as a crossover point or intersection between a first performance and a second performance achieved using the first set of precoders and the second set of precoders, respectively, for the spatial precoding on the multiple-input channel as a function of the quality of the channel estimate, particularly a radio quality. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second performances comprise at least one of a channel capacity, a precoding processing gain and a performance loss achieved by the spatial precoding on the multiple-input channel as a function of the quality of the channel estimate, particularly a radio quality. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the quality of the channel estimate is determined based on a report from each of the at least one receiving device, the report being indicative of at least one of the quality of the channel estimate of the multiple-input channel to the respective receiving device and a result of measurements of the radio quality at the respective receiving device. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising or initiating the step of: determining the at least one precoder for the transmission out of the set, wherein the at least one precoder is determined out of the set depending on the channel estimate, and wherein the channel estimate of the multiple-input channel comprises at least one of a transfer function of the multiple-input channel and a direction of arrival (DoA) at the transmitting device. ### Claim 18 A device for transmitting on a multiple-input channel from a transmitting device to at least one receiving device, the device comprising at least one processor and a memory, said memory comprising instructions executable by said at least one processor, whereby the device is operative to: determine a quality of a channel estimate of the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device; and transmit on the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device, wherein the transmission is spatially precoded using at least one precoder determined out of a set of precoders, wherein a size of the set of precoders is an increasing or non-decreasing function of the determined quality of the channel estimate; wherein the set is a first set if the determined quality is less than a first quality threshold value, and the set is a second set if the determined quality is greater than the first quality threshold value, and wherein the first set is a proper subset of the second set, and wherein the second set is the superset and the first set is the proper subset of the second set resulting from restricting the second set according to a constraint depending on the determined quality of the channel estimate. ### Claim 19 A method of transmitting on a multiple-input channel from a transmitting device to at least one receiving device, the method comprising or initiating the steps of: determining a quality of a channel estimate of the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device; and transmitting on the multiple-input channel from the transmitting device to the at least one receiving device, wherein the transmission is spatially precoded using at least one precoder determined out of a set of precoders, wherein a size of the set of precoders is an increasing or non-decreasing function of the determined quality of the channel estimate; wherein the set results from selectively restricting a superset of precoders according to a constraint depending on the determined quality of the channel estimate, wherein each of the precoders in the set defines complex gains for respective multiple inputs of the multiple-input channel, and wherein the constraint restricts the complex gains to an equal amplitude.