# US 12,015,350 B2 · Multi-phase converter including a duty cycle limiter > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,350 B2 - Document ID: US12015350B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/872,834 - Filed: 2022-07-25 - Published: 2024-01-25 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2022-07-25 - Assignees: P-Duke Technology Co., Ltd. - Applicants: P-Duke Technology Co., Ltd. - Inventors: Lien-Hsing Chen; Ta-Wen Chang; Hsiao-Hua Chi; Ching-Ming Lai; Wei-Hsuan Lin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015350B2 ## CPC - H02M 3/1586: {switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved} - H02M 1/0043: {Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved (non-isolated DC/DC converters H02M3/1586)} - H02M 1/0095: {Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck} - H02M 3/07: using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode {, e.g. charge pumps} - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) ## Abstract A novel power supply apparatus (10) includes a microcontroller (102) and a plurality of voltage converters (104). If the voltage converters (104) are in a boost mode and a plurality of duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) calculated by the microcontroller (102) are less than 0.5, the microcontroller (102) is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) to 0.5. If the voltage converters (104) are in a buck mode and the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) calculated by the microcontroller (102) are greater than 0.5, the microcontroller (102) is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) to 0.5. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power supply apparatus (10) comprising: a microcontroller (102); and a plurality of voltage converters (104) electrically connected to each other and electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), wherein if the voltage converters (104) are in a boost mode and a plurality of duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) calculated by the microcontroller (102) are less than 0.5, the microcontroller (102) is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) to 0.5; wherein if the voltage converters (104) are in a buck mode and the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) calculated by the microcontroller (102) are greater than 0.5, the microcontroller (102) is configured to limit at least one of the duty cycles of the voltage converters (104) to 0.5. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (102) comprises: a duty limiter (106) electrically connected to at least one of the voltage converters (104). ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 2, wherein the microcontroller (102) and the voltage converters (104) are configured to form a multi-phase interleaved bidirectional converter; the voltage converters (104) comprise: a first voltage converter (108) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102); and a second voltage converter (110) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106) and the first voltage converter (108). ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 3, wherein the microcontroller (102) and the voltage converters (104) are configured to form a four-phase interleaved bidirectional converter; the voltage converters (104) further comprise: a third voltage converter (112) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106), the first voltage converter (108) and the second voltage converter (110); and a fourth voltage converter (114) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), the first voltage converter (108), the second voltage converter (110) and the third voltage converter (112). ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 4, wherein the first voltage converter (108) comprises: a low-side first switch component (QL1) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), and comprising a low-side first parasitic diode (DL1); a high-side first switch component (QH1) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102) and the low-side first switch component (QL1), and comprising a high-side first parasitic diode (DH1); and a first inductor (L1) electrically connected to the second voltage converter (110), the third voltage converter (112), the fourth voltage converter (114), the low-side first switch component (QL1) and the high-side first switch component (QH1). ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 5, wherein the second voltage converter (110) comprises: a low-side second switch component (QL2) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106), and comprising a low-side second parasitic diode (DL2); a high-side second switch component (QH2) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106), the first voltage converter (108) and the third voltage converter (112), and comprising a high-side second parasitic diode (DH2); a second inductor (L2) electrically connected to the first voltage converter (108), the third voltage converter (112), the fourth voltage converter (114) and the low-side second switch component (QL2); and a first capacitor (C1) electrically connected to the first voltage converter (108), the low-side second switch component (QL2), the high-side second switch component (QH2) and the second inductor (L2). ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 6, wherein the third voltage converter (112) comprises: a low-side third switch component (QL3) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106), and comprising a low-side third parasitic diode (DL3); a high-side third switch component (QH3) electrically connected to the duty limiter (106), the second voltage converter (110) and the fourth voltage converter (114), and comprising a high-side third parasitic diode (DH3); a third inductor (L3) electrically connected to the first voltage converter (108), the second voltage converter (110), the fourth voltage converter (114) and the low-side third switch component (QL3); and a second capacitor (C2) electrically connected to the second voltage converter (110), the low-side third switch component (QL3), the high-side third switch component (QH3) and the third inductor (L3). ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 7, wherein the fourth voltage converter (114) comprises: a low-side fourth switch component (QL4) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), and comprising a low-side fourth parasitic diode (DL4); a high-side fourth switch component (QH4) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), the first voltage converter (108) and the third voltage converter (112), and comprising a high-side fourth parasitic diode (DH4); a fourth inductor (L4) electrically connected to the first voltage converter (108), the second voltage converter (110), the third voltage converter (112) and the low-side fourth switch component (QL4); and a third capacitor (C3) electrically connected to the third voltage converter (112), the low-side fourth switch component (QL4), the high-side fourth switch component (QH4) and the fourth inductor (L4). ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 8, wherein the first voltage converter (108) further comprises: a low-side capacitor (CL) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), the second voltage converter (110), the third voltage converter (112) and the fourth voltage converter (114); and a low-side input-output point (116) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), the second voltage converter (110), the third voltage converter (112), the fourth voltage converter (114) and the low-side capacitor (CL). ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The power supply apparatus (10) of claim 9, wherein the first voltage converter (108) further comprises: a high-side capacitor (CH) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102) and the fourth voltage converter (114); and a high-side input-output point (118) electrically connected to the microcontroller (102), the fourth voltage converter (114) and the high-side capacitor (CH).