# US 12,015,344 B2 · Peak current mode controller > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,344 B2 - Document ID: US12015344B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/766,085 - Filed: 2020-09-30 - Published: 2022-11-17 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2019-10-02 - Assignees: Raytheon Systems Limited - Applicants: Raytheon Systems Limited - Inventors: Francis William Murphy - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015344B2 ## CPC - H02M 3/157: with digital control - H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter} - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 1/0025: {Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter} - H03M 1/12: Analogue/digital converters ({H03M1/001 – } H03M1/10 take precedence) - H03M 1/66: Digital/analogue converters ({H03M1/001 – } H03M1/10 take precedence) - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C) ## Abstract A peak current mode ‘PCM’ controller comprising control logic arranged to produce a series of digital control values derived from a voltage sense signal, control logic arranged to produce a digital slope compensation value, a first digital to analogue converter ‘DAC’ arranged to receive the series of digital control values and output a corresponding analogue control voltage, a second DAC arranged to receive the digital slope compensation value and output a corresponding analogue slope compensation voltage, an analogue differential integrator arranged to receive the analogue control voltage and the analogue slope compensation voltage, integrate the analogue slope compensation voltage, subtract the integrated slope compensation voltage from the analogue control voltage, and output the result of the subtraction as an analogue output voltage, a comparator arranged to compare the analogue output voltage to a voltage of an analogue current sense signal and produce an output signal when the analogue current sense signal voltage is equal to or exceeds the analogue output voltage, and control logic arranged to produce a drive signal in response to the output signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A peak current mode ‘PCM’ controller comprising: control logic arranged to produce a series of digital control values derived from a voltage sense signal; control logic arranged to produce a digital slope compensation value; a first digital to analogue converter ‘DAC’ arranged to receive the series of digital control values and output a corresponding analogue control voltage; a second DAC arranged to receive the digital slope compensation value and output a corresponding analogue slope compensation voltage; an analogue differential integrator arranged to: receive the analogue control voltage and the analogue slope compensation voltage; integrate the analogue slope compensation voltage; subtract the integrated slope compensation voltage from the analogue control voltage; and output a result of the subtraction as an analogue output voltage; a comparator arranged to compare the analogue output voltage to a voltage of an analogue current sense signal and produce an output signal when the analogue current sense signal voltage is equal to or exceeds the analogue output voltage; and control logic arranged to produce a drive signal in response to the output signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control logic is defined by at least one digital processor; and the first DAC, the second DAC, and the analogue differential integrator are separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein the comparator is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein the controller further comprises an analogue to digital converter ‘ADC’ arranged to receive an analogue voltage sense signal and output corresponding digital voltage sense signal values to the control logic. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The controller as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ADC is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one digital processor comprises at least one field programmable gate array ‘FPGA’. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control logic is arranged to form a dual loop control system in which the voltage sense signal is used in an outer voltage control loop, the current sense signal is used in an inner current control loop, the first DAC, second DAC and the analogue differential integrator are part of the outer voltage control loop, and the output voltage of the analogue differential integrator provides a threshold level to the inner current control loop. ### Claim 8 (depends on 4) The controller as claimed in claim 4, the control logic comprising: a reference module arranged to provide a reference value; a summer module arranged to subtract the reference value from each of the series of digital voltage sense signal values to produce a series of digital error values; a controller module arranged to use the series of digital error values to produce the series of digital control values; and a slope compensation module arranged to produce the digital slope compensation value. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The controller as claimed in claim 8, wherein the control logic further comprises a gain module arranged to scale the digital control values before they are provided to the first DAC. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The controller as claimed in claim 1, the control logic comprising: a blanking module arranged to blank the output signal of the comparator for a predetermined period; a trip module arranged to detect the output signal from the comparator; and a pulse width modulation ‘PWM’ module arranged to produce the drive signal in response to detection of the output signal by the trip module. ### Claim 11 A power supply system comprising a power supply device and a peak current mode ‘PCM’ controller, the power supply device comprising a switch; and the peak current mode ‘PCM’ controller comprising: control logic arranged to produce a series of digital control values derived from a voltage sense signal corresponding to an output voltage of the power supply device; control logic arranged to produce a digital slope compensation value; a first digital to analogue converter ‘DAC’ arranged to receive the series of digital control values and output a corresponding analogue control voltage; a second DAC arranged to receive the digital slope compensation value and output a corresponding analogue slope compensation voltage; an analogue differential integrator arranged to: receive the analogue control voltage and the analogue slope compensation voltage; integrate the analogue slope compensation voltage; subtract the integrated slope compensation voltage from the analogue control voltage; and output a result of the subtraction as an analogue output voltage; a comparator arranged to compare the analogue output voltage to a voltage of an analogue current sense signal corresponding to an input current of the power supply device and produce an output signal when the analogue current sense signal voltage is equal to or exceeds the analogue output voltage; and control logic arranged to produce a drive signal opening the switch in response to the output signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the control logic is further arranged to produce a drive signal closing the switch at a predetermined frequency. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the power supply device comprises a switched mode power supply or power converter. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the power supply device comprises at least one of: a buck converter; a boost converter; a buck-boost converter; a push-pull converter; a flyback converter; or a forward converter. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the control logic is defined by at least one digital processor; and the first DAC, the second DAC, and the analogue differential integrator are separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the comparator is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the controller further comprises an analogue to digital converter ‘ADC’ arranged to receive an analogue voltage sense signal and output corresponding digital voltage sense signal values to the control logic. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the ADC is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the at least one digital processor comprises at least one field programmable gate array ‘FPGA’. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the control logic is arranged to form a dual loop control system in which the voltage sense signal is used in an outer voltage control loop, the current sense signal is used in an inner current control loop, the first DAC, second DAC and the analogue differential integrator are part of the outer voltage control loop, and the output voltage of the analogue differential integrator provides a threshold level to the inner current control loop. ### Claim 21 (depends on 16) The system as claimed in claim 16, the control logic comprising: a reference module arranged to provide a reference value; a summer module arranged to subtract the reference value from each of the series of digital voltage sense signal values to produce a series of digital error values; a controller module arranged to use the series of digital error values to produce the series of digital control values; and a slope compensation module arranged to produce the digital slope compensation value. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The system as claimed in claim 21, wherein the control logic further comprises a gain module arranged to scale the digital control values before they are provided to the first DAC. ### Claim 23 (depends on 11) The system as claimed in claim 11, the control logic comprising: a blanking module arranged to blank the output signal of the comparator for a predetermined period; a trip module arranged to detect the output signal from the comparator; and a pulse width modulation ‘PWM’ module arranged to produce the drive signal in response to detection of the output signal by the trip module. ### Claim 24 A method of operating a peak current mode ‘PCM’ controller, the method comprising: producing a series of digital control values derived from a voltage sense signal by a control logic; producing a digital slope compensation value by a control logic; receiving the series of digital control values at a first digital to analogue converter ‘DAC’ and outputting a corresponding analogue control voltage from the first DAC; receiving the digital slope compensation value at a second DAC and outputting a corresponding analogue slope compensation voltage from the second DAC; receiving the analogue control voltage and the analogue slope compensation voltage at an analogue differential integrator; the analogue differential integrator integrating the analogue slope compensation voltage; the analogue differential integrator subtracting the integrated slope compensation voltage from the analogue control voltage; and the analogue differential integrator outputting a result of the subtraction as an analogue output voltage; comparing the analogue output voltage to a voltage of an analogue current sense signal at a comparator and producing an output signal when the analogue current sense signal voltage is equal to or exceeds the analogue output voltage; and producing a drive signal by a control logic in response to the output signal. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the control logic is defined by at least one digital processor; and the first DAC, the second DAC, and the analogue differential integrator are separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the comparator is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The method as claimed in claim 25, further comprising receiving an analogue voltage sense signal at an analogue to digital converter ‘ADC’, and outputting corresponding digital voltage sense signal values to the control logic. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method as claimed in claim 27, wherein the ADC is separate from the at least one digital processor. ### Claim 29 (depends on 25) The method as claimed in claim 25, wherein the at least one digital processor comprises at least one field programmable gate array ‘FPGA’. ### Claim 30 (depends on 24) The method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the control logic is arranged to carry out dual loop control in which the voltage sense signal is used in an outer voltage control loop, the current sense signal is used in an inner current control loop, the first DAC, second DAC and the analogue differential integrator are part of the outer voltage control loop, and the output voltage of the analogue differential integrator provides a threshold level to the inner current control loop. ### Claim 31 (depends on 27) The method as claimed in claim 27, the method further comprising: a reference module of the control logic providing a reference value; a summer module of the control logic subtracting the reference value from each of the series of digital voltage sense signal values to produce a series of digital error values; a controller module of the control logic using the series of digital error values to produce the series of digital control values; and a slope compensation module of the control logic producing the digital slope compensation value. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The method as claimed in claim 31, the method further comprising a gain module of the control logic scaling the digital control values before they are provided to the first DAC. ### Claim 33 (depends on 24) The method as claimed in claim 24, the method further comprising: a blanking module of the control logic blanking the output signal of the comparator for a predetermined period; a trip module of the control logic detecting the output signal from the comparator; and a pulse width modulation ‘PWM’ module of the control logic producing the drive signal in response to detection of the output signal by the trip module.