# US 12,015,240 B2 · Laser device and method of determining a malfunction of a laser diode > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,015,240 B2 - Document ID: US12015240B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/313,014 - Filed: 2021-05-06 - Published: 2021-09-02 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2018-11-08 - Assignees: Trumpf Photonic Components GmbH - Applicants: TRUMPF Photonic Components GmbH; Robert Bosch GmbH - Inventors: Philipp Henning Gerlach; Susanne Weidenfeld; Robert Wolf; Soren Sofke - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015240B2 ## CPC - H01S 5/0021: {Degradation or life time measurements} - G01J 1/4257: {applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam (monitoring arrangements for lasers in general H01S3/0014)} - H01S 5/0264: {for monitoring the laser-output} - H01S 5/06825: {Protecting the laser, e.g. during switch-on/off, detection of malfunctioning or degradation} - H01S 5/06812: {by monitoring or fixing the threshold current or other specific points of the L-I or V-I characteristics} - H01S 5/183: having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] - H01S 5/423: {having a vertical cavity} - H01S: DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) ## Abstract A laser device includes a laser diode configured to emit radiation, an output power of the radiation being dependent on a laser diode driving current, and a photodiode configured to receive the radiation emitted by the laser diode. A photodiode current induced in the photodiode by the received radiation is dependent on a power of the received radiation. The laser device further includes circuitry configured to measure the photodiode current for a laser diode driving current and calculate a laser threshold current of the laser diode from the measured photodiode current as a measure of an actual laser threshold current of the laser diode. The circuitry is further configured to detect a malfunction or degradation of the laser diode. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A laser device, comprising a laser diode configured to emit radiation, wherein an output power of the radiation is dependent on a laser diode driving current; a photodiode configured to receive the radiation emitted by the laser diode, wherein a photodiode current induced in the photodiode by the received radiation is dependent on a power of the received radiations; and circuitry configured to: measure first photodiode current values for at least two first laser diode driving current values at which the laser diode is in a non-lasing operation, calculate a first linear slope from the measured first photodiode current values, measure second photodiode current values for at least two second laser diode driving current values at which the laser diode is in a lasing operation, calculate a second linear slope from the measured second photodiode current values, determine a calculated laser threshold current of the at least one laser diode as the laser diode driving current value at which the first and second linear slopes intersect, determine a ratio of the gradient of the second linear slope to the gradient of the first linear slope, and detect a malfunction or degradation of the laser diode when the ratio is equal to or lower than a threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to detect the malfunction or degradation of the laser diode based on the calculated laser threshold current. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to determine the calculated laser threshold current as the laser diode driving current at which the photodiode current as a function of the laser diode driving current exhibits a kink. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry is configured to incrementally increase the laser diode driving current, to measure the photodiode current value for the incrementally increased laser diode driving current, and to determine the calculated laser threshold current as the laser diode driving current value at which the measured photodiode current value deviates from a linear slope by more than a threshold. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the threshold is larger than 1. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The laser device of claim 2, wherein the circuitry is configured to detect a malfunction or degradation of the laser diode when the calculated laser threshold current exceeds a predetermined limit. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the laser diode is a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the photodiode and the laser diode are arranged on a common chip. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the photodiode is integrated in the laser diode and arranged external to an optical resonator of the laser diode. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the photodiode is integrated in the laser diode and arranged internal to an optical resonator of the laser diode. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The laser device of claim 1, wherein the laser diode is a first laser diode, the laser device further comprising a second laser diode, wherein the photodiode is configured to receive the radiation emitted by the first laser diode and the radiation emitted by the second laser diode. ### Claim 12 A method of monitoring an output power of a laser diode, the method comprising: providing a photodiode configured to receive radiation emitted by the laser diode, wherein the received radiation induces a photodiode current in the photodiode in dependence on the output power of the received radiation, measuring first photodiode current values for at least two first laser diode driving current values at which the laser diode is in a non-lasing operation, calculating a first linear slope from the measured first photodiode current values, measuring second photodiode current values for at least two second laser diode driving current values at which the laser diode is in a lasing operation, calculating a second linear slope from the measured second photodiode current values, and determining a calculated laser threshold current of the laser diode as the laser diode driving current value at which the first and second linear slopes intersect, determining a ratio of the gradient of the second linear slope to the gradient of the first linear slope, and detecting a malfunction or degradation of the at least one laser diode in response to the ratio being equal to or lower than a threshold. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A computer program having computer-executable program code, stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to claim 12.