# US 12,015,197 B2 · Radio-wave confinement on metamaterial textiles for wireless sensor networking

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- Number: US 12,015,197 B2
- Document ID: US12015197B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/286,496
- Filed: 2019-10-17
- Published: 2021-11-04
- Granted: 2024-06-18
- Earliest claimed: 2018-10-19
- Assignees: National University of Singapore
- Applicants: National University of Singapore
- Inventors: John Ho; Chee Keong Tee; Xi Tian; Pui Mun Lee
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015197B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/6805: {Vests, e.g. shirts or gowns}
- H01Q 1/364: {using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor}
- A41D 1/002: {adapted to accommodate electronic equipment (patients' garments for medical monitoring A41D13/1281; luminous ornaments A41D27/085)}
- A61B 5/0024: {for multiple sensor units attached to the patient, e.g. using a body or personal area network}
- H01Q 1/085: {Flexible aerials; Whip aerials with a resilient base}
- H01Q 1/273: {Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals}
- H01Q 1/38: formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support {(patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142)}
- H01Q 7/00: Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
- H01Q 13/26: Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor
- G01S 13/00: Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- H04W 84/18: Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
- H04W 88/00: Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72)
- A41D: OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

There is provided a metamaterial textile for providing wireless sensor network and method of designing such. The metamaterial textile comprising a sheet of metamaterial textile cut into a comb shape comprising long base with a plurality of metamaterial textile teeth extending along and from the base, wherein a gap is present between every two adjacent teeth, whereby, the metamaterial textile is configured to enable propagation of radio-surface plasmons wave along the metamaterial textile for providing wireless sensor network. The metamaterial textile is configured to control the height of the radio-surface plasmons wave by changing number of the metamaterial textile teeth, and changing dimensions of the metamaterial textile teeth and changing dimensions of the gaps.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A metamaterial textile for providing wireless sensor network, said metamaterial textile comprising:
a sheet of metamaterial textile cut into a comb shape comprising long base with a plurality of metamaterial textile teeth extending along and from the base, wherein a gap is present between every two adjacent teeth;
wherein, the metamaterial textile is configured to enable propagation of radio-surface plasmons wave along the metamaterial textile for providing wireless sensor network, the radio-surface plasmons wave comprises a height;
further wherein said metamaterial textile is configured to control the height of the radio-surface plasmons wave by changing number of the metamaterial textile teeth; and changing dimensions of the metamaterial textile teeth and changing dimensions of the gaps.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein the maximum number of teeth to enable propagation of radio-surface plasmons along the comb shaped metamaterial textile is 100.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein the minimum number of teeth to enable propagation of radio-surface plasmons along the comb shaped metamaterial textile is two.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile is configured to be implemented as part of clothing.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile comprises a non-conductive layer attached to the comb shaped metamaterial textile.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The metamaterial textile of claim 5, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile further comprises a protective conductive layer attached to and located beneath the non-conductive layer.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The metamaterial textile of claim 5, wherein said non-conductive layer attached to the comb shaped metamaterial textile blocks the propagation of radio-surface plasmons into body of a wearer of clothing.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The metamaterial textile of claim 5, wherein said non-conductive layer is textile.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile is configured to form a ring-resonator.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile is configured to form an antenna for transmitting data.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile is configured to form a power divider for transmitting power to more than one location.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The metamaterial textile of claim 1, wherein said radio-surface plasmons wave has little to no signal loss even at low dB transmission.

### Claim 13

A method for designing a metamaterial textile for providing a wireless sensor network, said method comprising:
providing a metamaterial textile comprising: a sheet of metamaterial textile cut into a comb shape comprising a long base with a plurality of metamaterial textile teeth extending along and from the base, wherein a gap is present between every two adjacent teeth;
providing wireless sensor network via propagation of radio-surface plasmons wave along the comb shaped metamaterial textile; and
controlling height of the radio-surface plasmons wave by changing number of the metamaterial textile teeth, and by changing dimensions of the metamaterial textile teeth and dimensions of metamaterial textile gaps.

### Claim 14

A method for designing a metamaterial textile for providing a wireless sensor network, said method comprising:
providing a metamaterial textile comprising: a sheet of metamaterial textile cut into a comb shape comprising a long base with a plurality of metamaterial textile teeth extending along and from the base, wherein a gap is present between every two adjacent teeth, further wherein said comb shaped metamaterial textile comprises a non-conductive layer attached to the comb shaped metamaterial textile;
setting value of width of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth with the addition of width of a gap to: d=0.2λs;
setting values of width of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth and of width of the comb shaped base to specific values;
setting value of length of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth to:
h
0
=
π
⁢
⁢
c
4
⁢
πɛ
tex
⁢
f
0
;
setting value of width of the bottom non-conductive layer to: w=a+h;
providing thickness of the metamaterial comb shaped textile;
implementing varying lengths of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth between 0.5h0 and 2h0 into an eigenmode solver, thereby obtaining dispersion curve of the metamaterial textile;
yielding the value for which β=βs wherein βs is desired wavenumber based on the dispersion curve; and
calculating λs=2π/βs, wherein λs is surface plasmon wavelength for providing wireless sensor networks.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method according to claim 14, wherein setting value of said width of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth comprises setting the value to b=0.75d.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The method according to claim 14, wherein setting value of said width of the comb shaped base comprises setting the value to a=0.5d.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein setting value of width of each of the plurality of metamaterial textile teeth with the addition of width of a gap comprises setting the value according to a different equation than d=0.2λs.