# US 12,015,185 B2 · Quantum transducers with embedded optical resonators

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,015,185 B2
- Document ID: US12015185B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/191,275
- Filed: 2021-03-03
- Published: 2022-09-08
- Granted: 2024-06-18
- Earliest claimed: 2021-03-03
- Assignees: International Business Machines Corporation
- Applicants: International Business Machines Corporation
- Inventors: Abram L Falk; Chi Xiong; Swetha Kamlapurkar; Hanhee Paik; Jason S. Orcutt
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12015185B2

## CPC

- H01P 7/00: Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P 7/08: Strip line resonators
- G02B 6/131: {by using epitaxial growth (epitaxial growth for semiconductors H10P14/20)}
- H01P 11/008: {Manufacturing resonators}
- H10N 69/00: Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one superconducting element covered by group H10N60/00
- G02B 2006/1204: {Lithium niobate (LiNbO3)}
- G02F 1/035: in an optical waveguide structure
- G06N 10/40: Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
- H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B)
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- H10N: ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS

## Abstract

Techniques regarding quantum transducers are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can include an apparatus that can include a superconducting microwave resonator having a microstrip architecture that includes a dielectric layer positioned between a superconducting waveguide and a ground plane. The apparatus can also include an optical resonator positioned within the dielectric layer.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
a superconducting microwave resonator having a microstrip architecture that includes a dielectric substrate positioned between a superconducting waveguide and a ground plane; and
an optical resonator positioned within the dielectric substrate.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the superconducting waveguide and the ground plane comprise at least one element selected from a group consisting of niobium, niobium nitride, and titanium nitride.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises at least one element selected from a group consisting of silicon, sapphire, and garnet.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the optical resonator includes an optical waveguide that comprises at least one material selected from a group consisting of silicon germanium, lithium niobate, and aluminum nitride.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is positioned between the superconducting waveguide and the optical resonator, and wherein the dielectric substrate is further positioned between the ground plane and the optical resonator.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second ground plane that is co-planer with the superconducting waveguide and positioned on the dielectric substrate.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second ground plane comprises at least one element selected from a group consisting of niobium, niobium nitride, and titanium nitride.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the dielectric substrate extends from the ground plane to the superconducting waveguide along a direction, and wherein a position of the optical resonator within the dielectric substrate is offset from a position of the superconducting waveguide on the dielectric substrate along the direction.

### Claim 9

An apparatus, comprising:
a superconducting microwave resonator having a twinstrip architecture that includes a dielectric substrate positioned between a first superconducting waveguide and a second superconducting waveguide; and
an optical resonator positioned within the dielectric substrate.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first superconducting waveguide and the second superconducting waveguide comprise at least one element selected from a group consisting of niobium, niobium nitride, and titanium nitride.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises at least one element selected from a group consisting of silicon, sapphire, and garnet.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the optical resonator includes an optical waveguide that comprises at least one material selected from a group consisting of silicon germanium, lithium niobate, and aluminum nitride.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the dielectric substrate is positioned between the first superconducting waveguide and the optical resonator and between the second superconducting waveguide and the optical resonator.