# US 12,010,546 B2 · Apparatus for seamless realtime transitions across LTE/WI-FI

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- Number: US 12,010,546 B2
- Document ID: US12010546B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/560,858
- Filed: 2021-12-23
- Published: 2022-07-07
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2020-12-23
- Assignees: Celona, Inc.
- Applicants: Celona, Inc.
- Inventors: Srinivasan Balasubramanian; John Taylor; Mehmet Yavuz; George Voon
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12010546B2

## CPC

- H04W 28/0268: {using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR] (negotiating SLA or negotiating QoS H04W28/24)}
- H04L 12/4633: {Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling}
- H04L 47/2416: Real-time traffic
- H04L 47/2425: for supporting services specification, e.g. SLA
- H04W 28/0236: {radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay}
- H04W 40/12: based on transmission quality or channel quality
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)

## Abstract

A method and apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks are disclosed. The disclosed method and apparatus relate to determining which communications networks to use when communicating between a UE and a network within an Enterprise Network (EN). In some embodiments, a Communications Client Application (CCA) operates within a selected UE and a Communications Server Application (CSA) operates on the network side of the Enterprise Network. Both the CCA and the CSA act together in concert to coordinate the transmission of packets between the UE and the network using either LTE or Wi-Fi networks. For seamless communications, some embodiments use a single VPN tunnel through which to transmit data packets. In other embodiments, for seamless communications, two VPN tunnels are used, one for LTE packet transfers, and one for Wi-Fi packet transfers.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks, comprising:
a) a User Equipment (UE) comprising a Communications Client Application (CCA), a single Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel, and a plurality of UE Applications; wherein the CCA routes packets to and from the plurality of UE Applications, and wherein packets requiring seamless communications are routed through the single VPN tunnel; and wherein the CCA determines whether to transmit or receive packets using Long Term Evolution (LTE)/NR (New Radio) or Wi-Fi; and wherein UE Applications not requiring seamless communications have their packets routed by the CCA directly using the LTE/NR or the Wi-Fi; and
b) an enterprise network comprising a Communications Server Application (CSA), the single VPN tunnel included in the UE, a server LTE/NR access point, and a server Wi-Fi access point; wherein the enterprise network communicates with an Intranet/Internet and is able to receive packets from and send packets to the Intranet/Internet; wherein the CSA routes Intranet/Internet packets requiring seamless communications through the single VPN tunnel; and wherein the CSA determines whether to transmit or receive packets using either the server LTE/NR access point or the server Wi-Fi access point; and wherein Intranet/Internet packets that do not require seamless communications are routed by the CSA directly through either the server LTE/NR access point or server Wi-Fi access point.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 1, wherein the CCA controls a UE route table, and wherein the CCA manipulates the UE route table as necessary to determine how packets are routed within the UE and with the enterprise network using either an LTE or a Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 1, wherein the CSA controls a server route table, and wherein the CSA manipulates the server route table as necessary to determine how packets are routed within the enterprise network and with the UE using either an LTE or Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 1, wherein the single VPN tunnel comprises a communications construct through which packets requiring seamless communication between the plurality of UE Applications and the Intranet/Internet are transmitted.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 4, wherein the single VPN tunnel provides VPN tunneling functionality between the CCA and the CSA, and between the plurality of UE Applications and the Intranet/Internet, no matter whether packets are communicated via an LTE network or a Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 6

An apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks, comprising:
a) a User Equipment (UE) comprising a Communications Client Application (CCA), an Long Term Evolution (LTE) Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunnel for communications of packets via LTE, a Wi-Fi VPN tunnel for communications of packets via Wi-Fi, and a plurality of UE Applications; wherein the CCA routes packets to and from the plurality of UE Applications, and wherein packets requiring seamless communications are routed through either the LTE VPN tunnel or the Wi-Fi VPN tunnel; and wherein the CCA determines whether to transmit or receive packets over LTE/NR or over Wi-Fi; and wherein UE Applications not requiring seamless communications have their packets routed by the CCA directly through either the LTE/NR or the Wi-Fi; and
b) an enterprise network comprising a Communications Server Application (CSA), the LTE VPN tunnel and the Wi-Fi VPN tunnel included in the UE; wherein the enterprise network communicates with an Intranet/Internet and is able to receive packets from and send packets to the Intranet/Internet; wherein the CSA routes Intranet/Internet packets requiring seamless communications through either the LTE VPN tunnel or the Wi-Fi VPN tunnel; and wherein the CSA determines whether to transmit or receive packets using either LTE/NR or Wi-Fi; and wherein Intranet/Internet packets that do not require seamless communications are routed by the CSA directly through either LTE/NR or Wi-Fi.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 6, wherein the UE further comprises a UE route table, and wherein the CCA manipulates the UE route table as necessary to determine how packets are routed within the UE and with the enterprise network using either an LTE or a Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 7, wherein the enterprise network further comprises a server route table, and wherein the CSA manipulates the server route table as necessary to determine how packets are routed within the enterprise network and with the UE using either the LTE or Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 7, wherein the CCA:
a) supports both the LTE VPN tunnel and the Wi-Fi VPN tunnel for seamless communications over the LTE network and the Wi-Fi network, respectively;
b) controls the UE route table to support using the appropriate LTE VPN and the Wi-Fi VPN tunnels;
c) permits user/enterprise-IT to specify the LTE and the Wi-Fi operating preferences for each UE application;
d) allows for received signal strength information to be retrieved from the LTE and the Wi-Fi networks in real-time;
e) allows for detecting a congestion level on both the LTE and the Wi-Fi networks;
f) provides support for regulating EUD traffic over an appropriate RAT based on a selected UE application's priorities and subject to received signal strength and congestion experienced on the LTE and the Wi-Fi networks; and
g) determines that the UE is operating on a (Citizen Band Radio Service (CBRS) enterprise network using specific signatures and associated credentials.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 7, wherein the CSA:
(a) provides a Tunnel Inner Address (TIA) for each VPN tunnel that is established in the UE and in the enterprise network;
(b) routes packets transmitted on a downlink (DL), communications transmitted by the enterprise network to the UE, based on preferences exercised by the CCA for routing traffic on an uplink (UL), communications from the UE to the enterprise network;
(c) encapsulates packets delivered on the DL based on an outer Internet Protocol (IP) address associated with a Radio Access Technology (RAT) over which the packet is transmitted; and
(d) de-encapsulates packets received on the UL by removing an outer IP address and forwarding the packet to the Intranet/Internet.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 10, wherein a selected UE application uses only one IP address to transmit packets to the enterprise network, and this one IP address remains the same whether the packet is routed to the enterprise network over the LTE network or the Wi-Fi network.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 11, wherein the TIA comprises an IP address assigned by the selected UE application.

### Claim 13 (depends on 6)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 6, wherein the LTE VPN and the Wi-Fi VPN tunnels are simultaneously established.

### Claim 14 (depends on 6)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 6, wherein the routing of packets through the LTE VPN and the Wi-Fi VPN tunnels are dynamically controlled by both the CCA and the CSA acting in concert together.

### Claim 15 (depends on 6)

The apparatus for seamless real-time transitions across LTE and Wi-Fi networks of claim 6, wherein seamless communication packets transmitted between the UE and the enterprise network via LTE are transmitted through the LTE VPN tunnel, and wherein seamless communication packets transmitted between the UE and the enterprise network via Wi-Fi are transmitted through the Wi-Fi VPN tunnel.