# US 12,010,200 B1 · Methods and network device for uncoded bit protection in 10GBASE-T Ethernet

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- Number: US 12,010,200 B1
- Document ID: US12010200B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 17/700,159
- Filed: 2022-03-21
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2014-05-01
- Assignees: Marvell Asia Pte Ltd
- Applicants: Marvell Asia Pte Ltd
- Inventors: William Lo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12010200B1

## CPC

- H03M 13/1105: {Decoding}
- H03M 13/00: Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes (error detection or error correction for analogue/digital, digital/analogue or code conversion H03M1/00 – H03M11/00; specially adapted for digital computers G06F11/08; for information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B, e.g. G11B20/18; for static stores G11C)
- H03M 13/1102: {Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs, e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes}
- H03M 13/1515: {Reed-Solomon codes}
- H03M 13/29: combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and outer codes
- H03M 13/31: combining coding for error detection or correction and efficient use of the spectrum (without error detection or correction H03M5/14 {, H03M5/145})
- H03M 13/611: {Specific encoding aspects, e.g. encoding by means of decoding}
- H04L 1/0041: {Arrangements at the transmitter end}
- H04L 1/0045: {Arrangements at the receiver end}
- H04L 1/0058: {Block-coded modulation}
- H04L 27/2602: {Signal structure}
- H04L 27/2613: {Structure of the reference signals}
- H04L 69/22: Parsing or analysis of headers
- H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
- H04L 27/2605: {Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]}
- H04L 69/323: in the physical layer [OSI layer 1]
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

A network interface device decodes a first set of encoded bits in a fixed-length frame according to a first error correction encoding scheme to generate a first set of bits among decoded bits. The network interface device decodes a second set of encoded bits in the fixed-length frame according to a second error correction encoding scheme to generate a second set of bits among the decoded bits. The network interface device generates a first set of bit blocks and a second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits at least by de-aggregating the decoded bits. A decoder of the network interface device decodes the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks to generate a plurality of uncoded bits.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for processing a fixed-length frame in a network interface device, the method comprising:
receiving, at a network interface device, a fixed-length frame, the fixed-length frame including a first set of encoded bits and a second set of encoded bits corresponding to demodulated constellation points in a signal received via a communication link, wherein respective values of bits in the second set of encoded bits correspond to respective clusters of adjacent constellation points among a plurality of clusters of adjacent constellation points, and wherein respective values of bits in the first set of encoded bits correspond to respective constellation points within the respective clusters of adjacent constellation points;
decoding, at a first error correction code decoder of the network interface device, the first set of encoded bits according to a first error correction encoding scheme to generate a first set of bits among decoded bits, the first set of encoded bits including a set of first parity bits for protecting bits in the first set of encoded bits;
decoding, at a second error correction code decoder of the network interface device, the second set of encoded bits according to a second error correction encoding scheme to generate a second set of bits among the decoded bits, the second set of encoded bits including a set of second parity bits for protecting bits in the second set of encoded bits, wherein i) a number of parity bits in the set of second parity bits is less than a number of parity bits in the set of first parity bits and ii) a sum of the number of parity bits in the first set of parity bits and the number of parity bits in the second set of parity bits do not exceed a number of bits in the fixed-length frame available for use as parity bits in the fixed-length frame;
generating, at the network interface device, a first set of bit blocks and a second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits at least by de-aggregating the decoded bits; and
decoding, at a decoder of the network interface device, the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks to generate a plurality of uncoded bits.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, wherein decoding the first set of encoded bits comprises:
decoding, at a low-density parity-check code (LDPC) decoder the first set of encoded bits to generate the first set of bits among the decoded bits.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 2, wherein decoding the second set of encoded bits comprises:
decoding, at a Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder, the second set of encoded bits to generate the second set of bits among the decoded bits.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, wherein generating the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits comprises:
de-aggregating, at the network interface device, the first set of bit blocks from the decoded bits so that the first set of bit blocks includes a first quantity of bit blocks and each first set of bit blocks has a first quantity of bits; and
de-aggregating, at the network interface device, a third set of bit blocks from the decoded bits so that the third set of bit blocks includes a second quantity of bit blocks and each third set of bit blocks has a second quantity of bits, the second quantity of bit blocks being less than the first quantity of bit blocks, and the second quantity bits being less than the first quantity of bits.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 4, wherein generating the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits further comprises:
transcoding, at a transcoder of the network interface device, the third set of bit blocks to generate the second set of bit blocks so that the second set of bit blocks includes a third quantity of bit blocks and each second set of bit blocks has the first quantity of bits, the third quantity of bit blocks being greater than the second quantity of bit blocks.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, wherein decoding the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks comprises:
for each of at least some of the bit blocks in the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks, removing a header bit from the bit block.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 6, wherein the header bit is an indicator of whether a plurality of payload bits in the bit block are at least one of data bits and control bits.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, further comprising descrambling, at the network interface, bits among the decoded bits before generating the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, further comprising removing, at the network interface, cyclic redundancy check bits from the decoded bits before generating the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 9, further comprising removing, at the network interface, at least one padding bit from the decoded bits before generating the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method for processing the fixed-length frame of claim 1, wherein the constellation points in the signal received via the communication link correspond to a double squared 128 (DSQ128) constellation.

### Claim 12

A network interface device, comprising:
first circuitry configured to receive a fixed-length frame, the fixed-length frame including a first set of encoded bits and a second set of encoded bits corresponding to demodulated constellation points in a signal received via a communication link, wherein respective values of bits in the second set of encoded bits correspond to respective clusters of adjacent constellation points among a plurality of clusters of adjacent constellation points, and wherein respective values of bits in the first set of encoded bits correspond to respective constellation points within the respective clusters of adjacent constellation points;
a first error correction decoder configured to decode the first set of encoded bits according to the first error correction encoding scheme to generate a first set of bits among decoded bits, the first set of encoded bits including a set of first parity bits for protecting bits in the first set of encoded bits;
a second error correction decoder configured to decode the second set of encoded bits according to a second error correction encoding scheme to generate a second set of bits among the decoded bits, the second set of encoded bits including a set of second parity bits for protecting bits in the second set of encoded bits, wherein i) a number of parity bits in the set of second parity bits is less than a number of parity bits in the set of first parity bits and ii) a sum of the number of parity bits in the first set of parity bits and the number of parity bits in the second set of parity bits do not exceed a number of bits in the fixed-length frame available for use as parity bits in the fixed-length frame;
second circuitry configured to generate a first set of bit blocks and a second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits at least by de-aggregating the decoded bits; and
third circuitry configured to decode the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks to generate a plurality of uncoded bits.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the first error correction decoder comprises:
a low-density parity-check code (LDPC) decoder configured to decode the first set of encoded bits to generate the first set of bits among the decoded bits.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The network interface device of claim 13, wherein the second error correction decoder comprises:
a Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder configured to decode the second set of encoded bits to generate the second set of bits among the decoded bits.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the second circuitry is configured to:
de-aggregate the first set of bit blocks from the decoded bits so that the first set of bit blocks includes a first quantity of bit blocks and each first set of bit blocks has a first quantity of bits; and
de-aggregate a third set of bit blocks from the decoded bits so that the third set of bit blocks includes a second quantity of bit blocks and each third set of bit blocks has a second quantity of bits, the second quantity of bit blocks being less than the first quantity of bit blocks, and the second quantity bits being less than the first quantity of bits.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The network interface device of claim 15, wherein the second circuitry comprises:
a transcoder configured to transcoder the third set of bit blocks to generate the second set of bit blocks so that the second set of bit blocks includes a third quantity of bit blocks and each second set of bit blocks has the first quantity of bits, the third quantity of bit blocks being greater than the second quantity of bit blocks.

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the decoder is further configured to:
for each of at least some of the bit blocks in the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks, remove a header bit from the bit block.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The network interface device of claim 17, wherein the header bit is an indicator of whether a plurality of payload bits in the bit block are at least one of data bits and control bits.

### Claim 19 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the second circuitry comprises:
a descrambler configured to descramble bits among the decoded bits before the second circuitry generates the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 20 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the second circuitry is further configured to remove cyclic redundancy check bits from the decoded bits before the second circuitry generates the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The network interface device of claim 20, wherein the second circuitry is further configured to remove at least one padding bit from the decoded bits before generating the first set of bit blocks and the second set of bit blocks from the decoded bits.

### Claim 22 (depends on 12)

The network interface device of claim 12, wherein the constellation points in the signal received via the communication link correspond to a double squared 128 (DSQ128) constellation.