# US 12,009,875 B2 · Beam management and antenna calibration in MIMO systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,009,875 B2 - Document ID: US12009875B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/761,940 - Filed: 2019-12-27 - Published: 2022-10-27 - Granted: 2024-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-27 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Applicants: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Oner Orhan; Hosein Nikopour; Shilpa Talwar; Dor Shaviv; Roya Doostnejad; Adesoji J. Sajuyigbe - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12009875B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0868: {Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining} - H04B 7/088: {using beam selection} - H04B 7/0639: {Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection} - H04B 7/084: {Equal gain combining, only phase adjustments (antenna beam scanning or forming by phase or amplitude control H01Q3/26, e.g. phased arrays)} - H04B 17/12: of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-mmWave technology, apparatuses, and methods that relate to transceivers and receivers for wireless communications are described. The various aspects include an apparatus of a communication device including an antenna array and processing circuitry coupled to the antenna array. The processing circuitry is configured to initialize a beam tracking algorithm based on received signals received at the antenna array, wherein antenna phases used in the beam tracking are bound by an upper phase limit and a lower phase limit, to generate a beam tracking result. The processing circuitry is further configured to generate a calibration vector based on the beam tracking result and receive subsequent transmissions using a codebook adapted based on the calibration vector. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus of a communication device, comprising: an antenna array; and baseband circuitry coupled to the antenna array and configured to: perform a transmit sector sweep to determine a transmit direction; perform a receive sector sweep based on the transmit direction; using the transmit direction and a receiver direction associated with the receive sector sweep, measure a signal-to-noise ratio at a receiver; and compute a power allocation for subsequent transmissions based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the subsequent transmissions based on a reduced channel matrix associated with the antenna array. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to: generate the reduced channel matrix based upon geometry of a transmit antenna array and a receive antenna array of the communication device. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to: generate an approximation of a full channel matrix based on the reduced channel matrix. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to multiplex a plurality of data streams based on the reduced channel matrix. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, wherein precoders for the multiplexing are Eigen vectors of a channel extracted from the reduced channel matrix. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reduced channel matrix is further based on a selected distance between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to estimate the distance based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein computing the power allocation includes executing a water-filling algorithm. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the water-filling is applied over multiplexed streams with an adaptive number of streams. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the adaptive number of streams is based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein power is equally allocated to active streams. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein a number of the active streams is determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to: perform MIMO detection of multiple streams subsequent to receive sector sweeping. ### Claim 14 A method comprising: performing, at a baseband circuitry coupled to an antenna array of a communication device, a transmit sector sweep to determine a transmit direction; performing a receive sector sweep based on the transmit direction; using the transmit direction and a receiver direction associated with the receive sector sweep, measuring a signal-to-noise ratio at a receiver; and computing a power allocation for subsequent transmissions based on the signal-to-noise ratio, the subsequent transmissions based on a reduced channel matrix associated with the antenna array. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, further comprising: generating the reduced channel matrix based upon geometry of a transmit antenna array and a receive antenna array of the communication device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: generating an approximation of a full channel matrix based on the reduced channel matrix. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: multiplexing a plurality of data streams based on the reduced channel matrix, wherein precoders for the multiplexing are Eigen vectors of a channel extracted from the reduced channel matrix. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein the reduced channel matrix is further based on a selected distance between the transmit antenna array and the receive antenna array, and wherein the baseband circuitry is further configured to estimate the distance based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein computing the power allocation includes executing a water-filling algorithm, wherein the water-filling is applied over multiplexed streams with an adaptive number of streams, and wherein the adaptive number of streams is based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein power is equally allocated to active streams, and wherein a number of the active streams is determined based on the signal-to-noise ratio. ### Claim 21 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, further comprising: performing MIMO detection of multiple streams subsequent to receive sector sweeping.