# US 12,009,848 B2 · Digital pre-distortion and assistance information signaling

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- Number: US 12,009,848 B2
- Document ID: US12009848B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/655,517
- Filed: 2022-03-18
- Published: 2023-09-21
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2022-03-18
- Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated
- Inventors: Gideon Shlomo Kutz; Igor Gutman; Amit Bar-Or Tillinger
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12009848B2

## CPC

- H03F 1/3247: {using feedback acting on predistortion circuits (H03F1/3264 takes precedence)}
- H04B 1/0475: {with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion (H04B1/0483 takes precedence)}
- H03F 3/189: High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F 3/24: of transmitter output stages
- H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
- H04B 2001/0425: {with linearisation using predistortion}
- H04W 8/24: Transfer of terminal data
- H03F: AMPLIFIERS
- H04B: TRANSMISSION
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for digital pre-distortion (DPD). An apparatus for wireless communication generally includes a power amplifier (PA); a first DPD circuit, a second DPD circuit, and a transmitter. The first DPD circuit is generally configured to: obtain an input signal; apply a first DPD to the input signal to generate a first resulting signal; and output the first resulting signal to the second DPD circuit. The second DPD circuit is generally configured to: obtain the first resulting signal from the first DPD circuit; apply a second DPD to the first resulting signal to generate a second resulting signal; and output the second resulting signal to the PA. The PA is generally configured to amplify the second resulting signal to generate an amplified second resulting signal. The transmitter is generally configured to transmit the amplified second resulting signal to a second apparatus.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a power amplifier (PA);
one or more digital pre-distortion (DPD) circuits before a first DPD circuit, each of the one or more DPD circuits configured to:
obtain a signal;
apply a DPD to the signal to generate a resulting signal; and
output the resulting signal to a next DPD circuit, and
wherein one of the one or more DPD circuits is configured to output the resulting signal as an input signal to the first DPD circuit;
the first DPD circuit configured to:
obtain the input signal;
apply a first DPD to the input signal to generate a first resulting signal; and
output the first resulting signal to a second DPD circuit;
the second DPD circuit configured to:
obtain the first resulting signal from the first DPD circuit;
apply a second DPD to the first resulting signal to generate a second resulting signal; and
output the second resulting signal to the PA, wherein the PA is configured to amplify the second resulting signal to generate an amplified second resulting signal; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the amplified second resulting signal to a second apparatus.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to:
determine an output of the PA based on a model of the PA and the input signal;
determine a distortion of the output of the PA; and
apply the first DPD based on the distortion.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the output of the PA comprises a sum of a Bussgang coefficient applied to the input signal and a signal distortion value.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second DPD circuit is configured to:
determine a second output of the PA based on the model of the PA and the first resulting signal;
determine a second distortion of the second output of the PA; and
apply the second DPD based on the second distortion.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the model of the PA uses a Volterra sequence to model the output of the PA.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first DPD circuit is further configured to apply a power scaling to the input signal such that a power level of the first resulting signal is equal to a power level of the input signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first DPD circuit is further configured to:
select one or more frequencies in which to reduce distortion in the input signal; and
apply the first DPD to reduce distortion at the one or more frequencies.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to select a plurality of weights to apply the first DPD to reduce distortion at the selected one or more frequencies.

### Claim 9 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to select all in-band and out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to select only out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to select a first one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal and the second DPD circuit is configured select a second one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 7)

The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first DPD circuit is configured to select a first one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal and the second DPD circuit is configured to select a second one or more in-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 13

A method for wireless communication, the method comprising:
obtaining an input signal at a first digital pre-distortion (DPD) circuit;
selecting, at the first DPD circuit, one or more frequencies in which to reduce distortion in the input signal;
applying a first DPD to the input signal to reduce distortion at the one or more frequencies and to generate a first resulting signal;
outputting the first resulting signal to a second DPD circuit;
apply a second DPD to the first resulting signal to generate a second resulting signal;
outputting the second resulting signal to a power amplifier (PA);
amplifying the second resulting signal to generate an amplified second resulting signal; and
transmitting the amplified second resulting signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, further comprising:
obtaining a signal at a third DPD circuit;
applying a third DPD to the signal to generate a resulting signal; and
outputting the resulting signal to first DPD circuit as the input signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining, at the first DPD circuit, an output of the PA based on a model of the PA and the input signal;
determining a distortion of the output of the PA; and
applying the first DPD based on the distortion.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein determining the output of the PA comprises computing a sum of a Bussgang coefficient applied to the input signal and a signal distortion value.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining, at the second DPD circuit, a second output of the PA based on the model of the PA and the first resulting signal;
determining a second distortion of the second output of the PA; and
applying the second DPD based on the second distortion.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein the model of the PA uses a Volterra sequence to model the output of the PA.

### Claim 19 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the first DPD circuit is further configured to apply a power scaling to the input signal such that a power level of the first resulting signal is equal to a power level of the input signal.

### Claim 20 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, further comprising selecting a plurality of weights to apply the first DPD to reduce distortion at the selected one or more frequencies.

### Claim 21 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises selecting all in-band and out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises selecting only out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises selecting a first one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal, and wherein the method further comprises selecting, at the second DPD circuit, a second one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 24 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the selecting comprises selecting a first one or more out-of-band frequencies of the input signal, and wherein the method further comprises selecting, at the second DPD circuit, a second one or more in-band frequencies of the input signal.

### Claim 25

A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method of wireless communications, the method comprising:
obtaining an input signal at a first digital pre-distortion (DPD) circuit;
applying a first DPD to the input signal to generate a first resulting signal,
wherein a power scaling is applied to the input signal such that a power level of the first resulting signal is equal to a power level of the input signal;
outputting the first resulting signal to a second DPD circuit;
apply a second DPD to the first resulting signal to generate a second resulting signal;
outputting the second resulting signal to a power amplifier (PA);
amplifying the second resulting signal to generate an amplified second resulting signal; and
transmitting the amplified second resulting signal.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, the method further comprising:
obtaining a signal at a third DPD circuit;
applying a third DPD to the signal to generate a resulting signal; and
outputting the resulting signal to first DPD circuit as the input signal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 25)

The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 25, the method further comprising:
determining, at the first DPD circuit, an output of the PA based on a model of the PA and the input signal;
determining a distortion of the output of the PA; and
applying the first DPD based on the distortion.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 27, wherein determining the output of the PA comprises computing a sum of a Bussgang coefficient applied to the input signal and a signal distortion value.