# US 12,009,663 B2 · Offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system

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- Number: US 12,009,663 B2
- Document ID: US12009663B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/771,358
- Filed: 2020-08-05
- Published: 2022-12-08
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-30
- Assignees: Zhejiang University
- Applicants: Zhejiang University
- Inventors: Zheng Xu; Yingjie Tang; Zheren Zhang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12009663B2

## CPC

- H02J 3/36: Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via high-voltage DC [HVDC] links; Arrangements for transfer of electric power between generators and networks via HVDC links
- F03D 9/257: {the wind motor being part of a wind farm}
- H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators}
- H02J 3/46: Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
- H02M 5/4585: {having a rectifier with controlled elements}
- H02M 7/483: Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M 7/4835: {comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage}
- H02M 7/5395: by pulse-width modulation
- F05B 2240/95: offshore
- H02J 2101/28: Wind energy
- Y02E 10/76: Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
- Y02E 60/60: Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- F03D: WIND MOTORS
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- F05B: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present disclosure discloses an offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system, comprising an onshore converter station and an offshore alternating-current system. The offshore alternating-current system comprises wind turbine generators, alternating-current submarine cables, a confluence bus, and offshore booster stations; the onshore converter station comprises a wind field side alternating-current bus, an alternating-current system side alternating-current bus, an alternating-current filter, an energy dissipation device, a rectifier, and a converter; the rectifier is composed of a three-phase six-pulse uncontrolled rectifier bridge, and the converter may be an MMC or an LCC; the rated frequency of the offshore alternating-current system is selected to be close to 10 Hz.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system, comprising an onshore converter station and an offshore alternating-current (AC) system, wherein:
the offshore AC system comprises: wind turbine generators, AC submarine cables, and offshore booster stations; wherein the wind turbine generators, each having a grid-side converter, are respectively connected to low voltage sides of the offshore booster stations through respective AC submarine cables, and high voltage sides of the offshore booster stations are connected to a wind farm side AC bus of the onshore converter station;
the onshore converter station comprises a wind farm side AC bus, a converter transformer, a grid-side AC bus, an AC filter, an energy dissipation device, a rectifier and an inverter; wherein the wind farm side AC bus is connected to an AC side of the rectifier through the converter transformer, a direct-current (DC) side positive port of the rectifier is connected to a DC side positive port of the inverter, a DC side negative port of the rectifier is connected to a DC side negative port of the inverter, and an AC side of the inverter is connected to the grid-side AC bus through the converter transformer;
a rated frequency of the offshore AC system and a rated frequency of the onshore converter station are both 8-20 Hz, and a rated frequency of the booster transformer in each of the offshore booster stations and a rated frequency of the rectifier side converter transformer in the onshore converter station adapt a rated frequency of the offshore AC system and a rated frequency of the onshore converter station; and
the grid-side converter of each wind turbine generator comprises a control system; the control system comprising a power controller, an outer loop controller, an inner loop controller, and a trigger link; the power controller, the outer loop controller, the inner loop controller and the trigger link all include two control dimensions of d-axis and q-axis; the input of the d-axis component of the power controller is an active power reference value Pref and an active power measured value P of the wind turbine generator, and a difference between the active power reference value Pref and the active power measured value P is output as ΔUdref after being controlled by proportional-integral (PI) controller; ΔUdref is added with a d-axis voltage rated value Udref0 to obtain a d-axis voltage reference value Udref; an input of the q-axis component of the power controller is a reactive power reference value Qref and a measured reactive power value Q of the wind turbine generator, a difference value between the reactive power reference value Qref and a reactive power measure value Q is output as a q-axis voltage reference value Uqref after proportion control; an input of the outer loop controller is the grid-side converter AC outlet voltage d-axis component Ud, voltage q-axis component Uq, the d-axis voltage reference value Udref and the q-axis voltage reference value Uqref; a difference value between the d-axis voltage reference value Udref and the voltage d-axis component Ud are output as d-axis current reference value idref after being controlled by PI controller; a difference value between the q-axis voltage reference value Uqref and the voltage q-axis component Uq is output as q-axis current reference value iqref after being controlled by PI controller; an input of the inner loop controller is the grid-side converter AC outlet current d-axis component id, the current q-axis component iq, the d-axis current reference value idref, the q-axis current reference value iqref, the voltage d-axis component Ud and the voltage q-axis component Uq; an output result of a difference value between the d-axis current reference value idref and the current d-axis component id after being controlled by PI controller is added with Ud−iq*X, to obtain a d-axis voltage modulation wave Uvdref; an output result of a difference value between the q-axis current reference value iqref and the current q-axis component iq after being controlled by PI controller is added with Uq+iq*X, to obtain a q-axis voltage modulation wave Uvqref; wherein X is a connect reactance of the grid-side converter; the input of the trigger link is the d-axis voltage modulation wave Uvdref and the q-axis voltage modulation wave Uvqref; the d-axis voltage modulation wave Uvdref and the q-axis voltage modulation wave Uvqref are subjected to dq/abc conversion and PWM modulation, and output trigger signals of each switching device in the grid-side converter.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the onshore converter station adopts a pseudo bipolar structure or a true bipolar structure; when the pseudo bipolar structure is adopted, the onshore converter station only installs a grounding device at a valve side of the converter transformer of the inverter; when the true bipolar structure is adopted, a rectifier and an inverter are provided at a positive pole of the onshore converter station; a rectifier and an inverter are provided at the negative pole of the onshore converter station; a high voltage end of the positive rectifier is directly connected to a high voltage end of the positive inverter, and a low voltage end of the negative rectifier is directly connected to a low voltage end of the negative inverter; a low voltage end of the positive rectifier is directly connected to a high voltage end of the negative rectifier, and a connection point between the low voltage end of the positive rectifier and the high voltage end of the negative rectifier serves as a neutral point of the DC side of the rectifier; the low-voltage end of the positive inverter is directed connected to the high-voltage end of the negative inverter, and the connection point of the low voltage end of the negative inverter and the high voltage end of the negative inverter serves as a neutral point of the DC side of the inverter, and at least one of the neutral points of the DC side of the rectifier and the inverter needs to be connected to a ground electrode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the energy dissipation device comprises: an AC side energy dissipation device and a DC side energy dissipation device; the AC side energy dissipation device is directly connected to the wind farm side AC bus; the AC side energy dissipation device is provided by a step-down transformer, Delta-connected cascaded thyristors, and energy dissipation resistors; a rated frequency of the AC side energy dissipation device is the same as the rated frequency of the offshore AC system; the DC side energy dissipation device is installed between the positive and negative poles on the DC side of the inverter, and the DC side energy dissipation device is composed of cascaded IGBTs and the energy dissipation resistors; for an onshore converter station with a pseudo-bipolar structure, only one DC energy dissipation device needs to be installed, and the high voltage end of the DC energy dissipation device is connected to the positive pole of the DC side of the inverter; the low voltage end of the DC energy dissipation device is connected to the negative pole of the DC side of the inverter; for the onshore converter station with a true bipolar structure, A DC energy dissipation device is installed between the positive pole of the DC side of the inverter and the neutral point of the DC side, and a DC energy dissipation device is installed between the negative pole of the DC side of the inverter and the neutral point of the DC side.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein each of the wind turbine generators adopts a full-power converter type wind turbine based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the AC filter is connected to the wind farm side AC bus; the AC filter uses single tuning, double tuning, triple tuning or pure capacitor forms; a sum of reactive power of all AC filters under the rated fundamental voltage is 30% of a rated DC power of the onshore converter station.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier is composed of two rectifier units connected in series, each rectifier unit uses a three-phase six-pulse uncontrolled rectifier bridge, and each bridge arm in the three-phase six-pulse uncontrolled rectifier bridge is composed of several diodes connected in series and parallel;
the three-phase six-pulse uncontrolled rectifier bridge comprises: two rectifier units; the converter transformers on the rectifier side comprise: a first converter transformer and a second converter transformer;
wherein one of the rectifier units is connected to the first converter transformer using a Y0/Y wiring mode; the other rectifier unit is connected to the second converter transformer using a Y0/Δ wiring mode; a valve side phase difference between the first converter transformer and the second converter transformer is 30°.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 6, wherein when the inverter uses a modular multi-level converter, the inverter uses the Y0/Δ wiring mode to connect to the converter transformer; when the inverter uses 12-pulse line commutated converter, the inverter use the Y0/Y wiring mode to connect to the first converter transformer, and the inverter uses the Y0/Δ wiring mode to connect to the second converter transformer.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The offshore wind farm low-frequency alternating-current uncontrolled rectification electric power transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the grid-side converter of each wind turbine generator is controlled by constant power.