# US 12,009,510 B1 · Fast-charge lithium metal phosphate materials

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- Number: US 12,009,510 B1
- Document ID: US12009510B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 18/346,112
- Filed: 2023-06-30
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2023-06-30
- Assignees: Rivian IP Holdings, LLC
- Applicants: Rivian IP Holdings, LLC
- Inventors: Soo Kim; Sun Ung Kim; Rubayyat Mahbub; Woochul Shin
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12009510B1

## CPC

- H01M 4/366: {as layered products}
- H01M 4/136: Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
- H01M 4/1397: of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
- H01M 4/5825: {Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines}
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

## Abstract

Aspects of the disclosure relate to electrode active materials for use in battery cells that include a lithium metal phosphate core having a more ionically conductive layer thereon. The layer of the ionic conducting material advantageously can increase lithium ion conduction of the active material by at least one order of magnitude relative to the core material alone. As such, electrodes may be fabricated with lower areal densities resulting in battery cells that have such electrodes with higher charge rates and potentially smaller physical dimensions.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A cathode active material, comprising:
particles having a lithium metal phosphate (LMP) core material; a layer of an ionic conducting material on at least a portion of the LMP core material and a conductive carbon material between the LMP core material and the layer of the ionic conducting material;
wherein the ionic conducting material has a higher ionic conductivity of lithium ions than the LMP core material.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the LMP core material comprises LiMPO4, wherein M comprises one or more of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), Aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), or titanium (Ti).

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises one or more compounds of formula: Lia-M′b-Pc—Od—(F)e, wherein M′ is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Bi or VCr, Mo, VCr, VMn, VFe, Ti, or W; and 0<a≤11, 1≤b≤8, 1≤c≤12, 4≤d≤48, and 0≤e≤2.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiV(PO3)4, LiV2(PO4)3, Li6V3P8O29, Li8V3P8O29, LiCrP2O7, Li3Cr2(PO4)3, LiCrPO4F, LiFe(PO3)4, LiFeP2O7, Li2FeP2O7, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, LiFePO4F, LiCoPO4, LiCo(PO3)3, LiCo(PO3)4, Li2VCr(P2O7)2, Li2CuP2O7, LiBi(PO3)4, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiVPO5, LiVP2O7, Li3V2(PO4)3, Li11V8(PO4)12, LiFe2P3O10, Li2VCr(PO4)2F2, Li2VMn(PO4)2F2, Li3VMn(P2O7)2, Li2VFe(P2O7)2, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiVPO4F, Li3VFe(PO4)2F2, Li2Ti2(PO4)3, LiCr4(PO4)3, LiW2(PO4)3, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conductivity of lithium ions of the ionic conducting material is at least one order of magnitude greater than the ionic conductivity of lithium ions of the core material.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The cathode active material of claim 1, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises a lithium vanadium iron phosphate.

### Claim 9

An electrode, comprising: a current collector having a first principal surface and a second principal surface; a coating on the first principal surface and a coating on the second principal surface of the current collector; wherein the coating includes an active material comprising particles having a lithium metal phosphate (LMP) core material, a layer of an ionic conducting material on at least a portion of the LMP core material, and a conductive carbon material between the LMP core material and the layer of the ionic conducting material; wherein the ionic conducting material has a higher ionic conductivity of lithium ions than the LMP core material; and wherein an areal density of the coating on the first principal surface is no more than 15 mg/cm2 and an areal density of the coating on the second principal surface is no more than 15 mg/cm2.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the LMP core material comprises LiMPO4, wherein M comprises one or more of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), Aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), or titanium (Ti).

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises one or more compounds of formula: La-M′b-Pc—Od—(F)e, wherein M′ is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Bi or VCr, Mo, VCr, VMn, VFe, Ti, or W; and 0<a≤11, 1≤b≤8, 1≤c≤12, 4≤d≤48, and 0≤e≤2.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiV(PO3)4, LiV2(PO4)3, Li6V3P8O29, Li8V3P8O29, LiCrP2O7, Li3Cr2(PO4)3, LiCrPO4F, LiFe(PO3)4, LiFeP2O7, Li2FeP2O7, Li3Fe2(PO4)3, LiFePO4F, LiCoPO4, LiCo(PO3)3, LiCo(PO3)4, Li2VCr(P2O7)2, Li2CuP2O7, LiBi(PO3)4, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiVPO5, LiVP2O7, Li3V2(PO4)3, Li11V8(PO4)12, LiFe2P3O10, Li2VCr(PO4)2F2, Li2VMn(PO4)2F2, Li3VMn(P2O7)2, Li2VFe(P2O7)2, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises: LiVPO4F, Li3VFe(PO4)2F2, Li2Ti2(PO4)3, LiCr4(PO4)3, LiW2(PO4)3, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

The electrode of claim 9, wherein the ionic conductivity of lithium ions of the ionic conducting material is at least one order of magnitude greater than the ionic conductivity of lithium ions of the core material.

### Claim 16

A battery cell, comprising:
an electrode including an active material comprising particles having a lithium metal phosphate (LMP) core material having a layer of an ionic conducting material on at least a portion of the LMP core material and a conductive carbon material between the LMP core material and the layer of the ionic conducting material; wherein the ionic conducting material has a higher ionic conductivity of lithium ions than the LMP core material.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The battery cell of claim 16, further comprising an anode that comprises graphite, silicon, a metal oxide, or a combination of any two or more thereof.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The battery cell of claim 16, wherein the LMP core material comprises LiMPO4, wherein M comprises one or more of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), Aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), or titanium (Ti).

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The battery cell of claim 16, wherein the ionic conducting material comprises one or more compounds of formula: La-M′b-Pc—Od—(F)e, wherein M′ is V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Bi or VCr, Mo, VCr, VMn, VFe, Ti, or W; and 0<a≤11, 1≤b≤8, 1≤c≤12, 4≤d≤48, and 0≤e≤2.

### Claim 20 (depends on 16)

A vehicle comprising the battery cell of claim 16.