# US 12,008,914 B2 · Systems and methods to simulate joining operations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,008,914 B2 - Document ID: US12008914B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 16/978,132 - Filed: 2019-03-07 - Published: 2021-01-14 - Granted: 2024-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-07 - Assignees: Seabery North America Inc. - Applicants: Seabery North America, Inc. - Inventors: Pedro Gerardo Marquinez Torrecilla; Pavel Gunia - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12008914B2 ## CPC - G09B 19/24: Use of tools - G06T 17/20: Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, {tesselation} - G09B 9/00: Simulators for teaching or training purposes (for the use of weapons F41; computing aspects G06; {protocols for games, networked simulations or virtual reality H04L67/131}) - G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B) - G06T: IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL ## Abstract Systems and methods to simulate joining operations are disclosed. An example computer-implemented system for simulation of joining materials with or without filler material, includes: processing circuitry; and a machine readable storage device storing machine readable instructions which, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to display a visual simulation of a three-dimensional joining operation within a simulation domain by simulating the simulation domain as a set of interconnected cross-sectional two dimensional slices. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A computer-implemented system for simulating a weld bead formed by joining materials, with or without filler material, the system comprising: processing circuitry; a physical workpiece; a physical joining tool; one or more image sensors configured to capture images of the physical workpiece and the physical joining tool corresponding to a joining operation; and a machine readable storage device storing machine readable instructions which, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to: define a plurality of slice sampling intervals depending on a desired precision; define a slice plane according to a desired orientation with respect to a weld trajectory; display a visual simulation of a three-dimensional joining operation within a simulation domain by simulating the weld bead in the simulation domain as a set of rendered interconnected cross-sectional slices; wherein said slices are oriented according to the defined slice plane along the weld trajectory; wherein the slices are two-dimensional and have a width equivalent to a distance between the defined sampling intervals; and wherein the simulation domain is based on images of the physical workpiece and the physical joining tool captured by the image sensors. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to represent a joint result for a group of concatenated slices using one or more polygons and associated polygon data. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 2, wherein the associated polygon data for the first one of the slices comprises at least one of: an indication of whether the one or more polygons represent a workpiece, a joint filler bead, or auxiliary data; a joint pass number; joint defect data for the first one of the slices; pressure applied; time exposed to source or applied heat input for the first one of the slices. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 2, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to display a simulated joining material within a visualization of the simulation domain based on a location of the first one of the slices, the one or more polygons, and the associated polygon data. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 2, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to display a result of the joining as a cross-section of a simulated workpiece and a simulated weld bead based on the simulated welding data for one of the slices corresponding to a location of the cross-section. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to define one or more simulation domains with reference to a workpiece, and to enable simulated joining of one or more joints within each of the simulation domains. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to display a result of the joining operation for at least one of the slices from one or more perspectives. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to store the simulation data as vector data representative of a joining operation based on the cross-sectional slices. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to render a workpiece and a joint filler bead based on the vector data for the cross-sectional slices. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 9, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to render the workpiece and the joint filler bead by: generating a three-dimensional mesh based on the vector data; and mapping at least one of color information, surface type information, heat affected zone information, heat affected zone strength information, pressure applied, time exposed to source or weld puddle information to the three-dimensional mesh. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 10, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to calculate a volume of deposited material and determine the vector data for the cross-sectional slices based on the calculated volume. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 11, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to calculate the volume of deposited material based on programmed simulation parameters. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 8, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to calculate at least one of a surface geometry or a weld bead penetration for the cross-sectional slices, and include the at least one of the surface geometry or the weld bead penetration in the vector data for the cross-sectional slices. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to: define a joint area within the simulation domain; define respective slice reference frames for the slices based on a joint reference frame of the joint area; simulate the joining operation for the slices; and projecting simulation data from the slices onto the weld joint to visually simulate a weld bead resulting from the welding operation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to simulate the joining operation for each of the slices by determining a plurality of control points in each of the slices based on joint parameters. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 15, wherein the joint parameters comprise welding parameters including at least one of: weld bead width, weld bead height, weld bead convexity or concavity, reinforcement depth, penetration depth reinforced area, penetrated area, or dilution factor. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to define one or more sequences within one or multiple simulation domains simultaneously or one after the other with in a working piece. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause two or more processors to define the same workpiece and simulate separate welding operations on different simulation domains simultaneously. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the processing circuitry to display the visual simulation as a mixed reality display or an augmented reality display, in which only information associated with the simulation domain is rendered for display over a captured image. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The computer-implemented system as defined in claim 1, wherein the machine readable storage device further stores machine readable instructions which, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to: display a cross-section of a simulated result of the simulated weld bead in response to receiving a selection of a location of the cross-section.