# US 12,007,449 B2 · Battery management apparatus, battery management method, battery pack and electric vehicle

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- Number: US 12,007,449 B2
- Document ID: US12007449B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/440,905
- Filed: 2020-08-14
- Published: 2022-05-19
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2019-09-19
- Assignees: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Applicants: LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
- Inventors: A-Ming Cha; Yoon-Jung Bae
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12007449B2

## CPC

- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- B60L 3/12: Recording operating variables {; Monitoring of operating variables}
- B60L 58/12: responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L 58/16: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
- G01R 31/3648: {comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm}
- G01R 31/382: Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements
- G01R 31/396: Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
- H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)}
- H01M 10/44: Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00)
- H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569)
- H02J 7/44: between battery management systems and power sources
- H02J 7/663: {using battery or load disconnect circuits (H02J9/002 takes precedence)}
- H02J 7/80: including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J 7/84: Control of state of health [SOH]
- H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters}
- H02J 7/94: in response to battery current
- B60L 2240/547: Voltage
- B60L 2240/549: Current
- H01M 2010/4271: {Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing}
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A battery management apparatus, battery management method and battery pack that detects feature points of each of a first differential capacity curve acquired by charging the battery with a first constant current, a second differential capacity curve acquired by discharging the battery with the first constant current, a third differential capacity curve acquired by charging the battery with a second constant current and a fourth differential capacity curve acquired by discharging the battery with the second constant current, and determines degradation information of the battery based on voltage values of the feature points detected from each differential capacity curve.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A battery management apparatus comprising:
a sensing unit configured to detect a voltage and a current of a battery, and configured to output a sensing signal indicating the detected voltage and the detected current; and
a control unit operably coupled to the sensing unit,
wherein the control unit is configured to:
determine a first differential capacity curve based on a first voltage history and a first capacity history of the battery acquired for a first period during which the battery is charged with a first constant current,
determine a second differential capacity curve based on a second voltage history and a second capacity history of the battery acquired for a second period during which the battery is discharged with the first constant current,
determine a third differential capacity curve based on a third voltage history and a third capacity history of the battery acquired for a third period during which the battery is charged with a second constant current that is different from the first constant current,
determine a fourth differential capacity curve based on a fourth voltage history and a fourth capacity history of the battery acquired for a fourth period during which the battery is discharged with the second constant current,
detect a first charge feature point from the first differential capacity curve,
detect a first discharge feature point from the second differential capacity curve,
detect a second charge feature point from the third differential capacity curve,
detect a second discharge feature point from the fourth differential capacity curve, and
determine degradation information of the battery based on first and second charge feature values and first and second discharge feature values,
wherein the first and second charge feature values are voltage values of the first and second charge feature points, respectively, and
the first and second discharge feature values are voltage values of the first and second discharge feature points, respectively.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first charge feature point is an ith peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the first differential capacity curve,
the first discharge feature point is the ith peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the second differential capacity curve,
the second charge feature point is the ith peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the third differential capacity curve, and
the second discharge feature point is the ith peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the fourth differential capacity curve,
wherein i is a predetermined value.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control unit is configured to:
determine a first hysteresis value indicating an absolute value of difference between the first charge feature value and the first discharge feature value, and
determine a second hysteresis value indicating an absolute value of difference between the second charge feature value and the second discharge feature value,
wherein the degradation information includes the first and second hysteresis values.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the degradation information further includes a first difference value which is an absolute value of difference between the first hysteresis value and the second hysteresis value.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the control unit is further configured to:
detect a third charge feature point from the first differential capacity curve,
detect a third discharge feature point from the second differential capacity curve,
detect a fourth charge feature point from the third differential capacity curve,
detect a fourth discharge feature point from the fourth differential capacity curve, and
determine the degradation information further based on third and fourth charge feature values and third and fourth discharge feature values,
wherein the third and fourth charge feature values are voltage values of the third and fourth charge feature points respectively, and
the third and fourth discharge feature values are voltage values of the third and fourth discharge feature points respectively.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the third charge feature point is a jth peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the first differential capacity curve,
the third discharge feature point is the jth peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the second differential capacity curve,
the fourth charge feature point is the jth peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the third differential capacity curve, and
the fourth discharge feature point is the jth peak among a plurality of ordered peaks of the fourth differential capacity curve,
wherein j is a predetermined value different from i.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is configured to:
determine a third hysteresis value indicating an absolute value of difference between the third charge feature value and the third discharge charge feature value, and
determine a fourth hysteresis value indicating an absolute value of difference between the fourth charge feature value and the fourth discharge feature value,
wherein the degradation information further includes the third and fourth hysteresis values.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the degradation information further includes at least one of a second difference value which is an absolute value of difference between the third hysteresis value and the fourth hysteresis value, a third difference value which is an absolute value of difference between the first hysteresis value and the third hysteresis value, or a fourth difference value which is an absolute value of difference between the second hysteresis value and the fourth hysteresis value.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The battery management apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to determine a maximum current rate allowable for charge and discharge of the battery based on the degradation information.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

A battery pack comprising the battery management apparatus according to claim 1.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

An electric vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 10.

### Claim 12

A battery management method using a battery management apparatus that includes a sensing unit configured to detect a voltage and a current of a battery and a control unit operably coupled to the sensing unit, the battery management method comprising:
determining, by the control unit, a first differential capacity curve based on a first voltage history and a first capacity history of the battery acquired for a first period during which the battery is charged with a first constant current;
determining, by the control unit, a second differential capacity curve based on a second voltage history and a second capacity history of the battery acquired for a second period during which the battery is discharged with the first constant current;
determining, by the control unit, a third differential capacity curve based on a third voltage history and a third capacity history of the battery acquired for a third period during which the battery is charged with a second constant current;
determining, by the control unit, a fourth differential capacity curve based on a fourth voltage history and a fourth capacity history of the battery acquired for a fourth period during which the battery is discharged with the second constant current;
detecting, by the control unit, a first charge feature point from the first differential capacity curve;
detecting, by the control unit, a first discharge feature point from the second differential capacity curve;
detecting, by the control unit, a second charge feature point from the third differential capacity curve;
detecting, by the control unit, a second discharge feature point from the fourth differential capacity curve; and
determining, by the control unit, degradation information based on first and second charge feature values and first and second discharge feature values,
wherein the first and second charge feature values are voltage values of the first and second charge feature points, respectively, and
the first and second discharge feature values are voltage values of the first and second discharge feature points, respectively.