# US 12,007,417 B2 · Voltage sensing circuit and method

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- Number: US 12,007,417 B2
- Document ID: US12007417B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/797,341
- Filed: 2021-02-19
- Published: 2023-02-23
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2020-02-21
- Assignees: Signify Holding B.V.
- Applicants: Signify Holding B.V.
- Inventors: Zhaomin Meng; Hui Zhang; Jiuliang Ding
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12007417B2

## CPC

- G01R 19/16576: {comparing DC or AC voltage with one threshold (G01R19/16514, G01R19/16519, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 and G01R19/1659 take precedence)}
- G01R 15/04: Voltage dividers
- G01R 31/52: Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
- G01R 31/54: Testing for continuity
- G01R 31/66: Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints (testing for incorrect line connections G01R31/55)
- H05B 45/14: using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
- H05B 45/34: Voltage stabilisation; Maintaining constant voltage
- H05B 45/50: responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
- Y02B 20/30: Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

A voltage sensing circuit uses a voltage divider for providing a sense signal indicating the voltage across a circuit component. A current injector is used for injecting current to the sensing terminal. A sense signal is obtained with no current injection, to determine if a fault is present. The sensing terminal is coupled to the external circuit component via a voltage clamping component. A further sense signal is obtained in response to the injection of current. By comparing the sense signal in response to the injected current and a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component, it can then be determined if the fault is caused by the circuit component or by the voltage divider.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A voltage sensing circuit for sensing a voltage across a circuit component, comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal adapted to connect across the circuit component;
a voltage divider including first and second resistors in series, connected in parallel with the circuit component and between the first terminal and the second terminal, wherein a sensing terminal between the first and second resistors is for providing a sense signal that is able to indicate the voltage across the circuit component;
a voltage clamping component coupled from the sensing terminal to the external circuit component;
a current injector for injecting current to the sensing terminal; and
a controller for receiving the sense signal and for controlling the current injection, wherein the controller is adapted to:
detect if the sense signal has dropped below a minimum threshold indicating a fault and in response control the current injector to inject a current into the sensing terminal; and
detect the sense signal in response to the injection of current and in response thereto determine if the fault is caused by the circuit component or by the voltage divider by comparing the sense signal in response to the injected current and a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to determine that the fault is caused by the external circuit component if the sense signal voltage equals to a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component and determine that the fault the caused by the voltage divider if the sense signal is different from the clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage clamping component comprises a diode forwarded from the sensing terminal to the first terminal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein the controller is adapted to determine that the first and second terminals are short circuited due to the circuit component if the sense signal in response to the injection of current is substantially equal to a clamp voltage of the voltage clamping component.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the controller is adapted, if it is determined that the first and second terminals are short circuited due to the circuit component, to generate a short circuit protection mode message in response to which a driver is adapted to deliver a minimum current or to generate a shut down message in response to which a driver is adapted to be shut down.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to determine that the first resistor connected to the first terminal is open if the sense signal in response to the injection of current is above an upper threshold.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 6, wherein the controller is adapted, if it is determined that the first resistor is open or the second resistor is short circuited, to generate a shut down message.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is adapted to determine that the second resistor connected to the second terminal is short circuited if the sense signal in response to the injection of current is below a lower threshold, preferably equal to zero.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a voltage detector adapted to determine the sense signal at the sensing terminal,
wherein the voltage detector, the current injector and the controller together form a part of an integrated circuit.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

A lighting device comprising:
the voltage sensing circuit as claimed in claim 1; and
a LED arrangement which comprises the circuit component.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The lighting device as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a voltage regulator for controlling the voltage applied to the LED arrangement.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The lighting device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the voltage sensing circuit is adapted, if it is determined that the first and second terminals are short circuited due to the circuit component, to send:
a short circuit protection mode message to the voltage regulator to control the voltage regulator to allow output of a minimum current; or
a shut down message to the voltage regulator to control the voltage regulator to completely shut down and output substantially no current.

### Claim 13

An integrated circuit comprising a voltage sensing function to sense a voltage across an external circuit component, comprising
a sensing input to be connected to a sensing terminal of a voltage divider which is connected in parallel with the external circuit component, wherein said sensing terminal is coupled to the external circuit component via a voltage clamping component;
a voltage detector adapted to determine a sense signal voltage at the sensing input;
a current injector to inject current to the sensing terminal if the sense signal voltage is below a minimum threshold, thereby indicating a fault, wherein the voltage detector is then adapted to determine a sense signal voltage at the sensing input in response to the injected current from the current source; and
a controller to determine if the fault is caused by the voltage divider or by an external circuit component connected in parallel with the voltage divider, based on the sense signal voltage in response to the injection of current by comparing the sense signal in response to the injected current and a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component.

### Claim 14

A voltage sensing method for sensing a voltage relating to a circuit component between a first terminal and a second terminal, the method, comprising:
receiving a first sense signal from a sensing terminal between first and second resistors in series that forms a voltage divider, the first sense signal indicating a voltage across a circuit component being sensed, wherein there is a voltage clamping component coupled from the sensing terminal to the circuit component;
detecting if the first sense signal has dropped below a minimum threshold and in response controlling a current injector to inject a current into the sensing terminal;
detecting a second sense signal in response to the injection of current; and
determining if the fault is caused by the circuit component or by the voltage divider based on the second sense signal, by comparing of the second sense signal in response to the injected current and a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The voltage sensing method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the controller is adapted to determine that the fault is caused by the external circuit component if the second sense signal voltage equals to a clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component and determine that the fault the caused by the voltage divider if the second sense signal is different from the clamping voltage of the voltage clamping component, wherein
the voltage clamping component is a diode forward from the sensing terminal to the first terminal, wherein the method comprises:
determining that the first and second terminals are short circuited due to the circuit component if the second sense signal is substantially equal to a clamp voltage of the voltage clamping component; and/or
determining that the first resistor connected to the first terminal is open if the second sense signal is above a higher threshold; and/or
determining that the second resistor connected to the second terminal is short circuited if the second sense signal is below a lower threshold, preferably zero.