# US 12,007,361 B2 · Devices and methods of sensing properties of fluids

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- Number: US 12,007,361 B2
- Document ID: US12007361B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/281,485
- Filed: 2019-10-10
- Published: 2021-12-30
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-10
- Assignees: Indian Institute of Technology Madras (Iit Madras)
- Applicants: Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras)
- Inventors: Nishanth Raja; Krishnan Balasubramanian
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12007361B2

## CPC

- G01N 29/032: by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
- G01K 11/24: of the velocity of propagation of sound
- G01N 29/024: by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
- G01N 29/0645: {Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan}
- G01N 29/2462: {Probes with waveguides, e.g. SAW devices}
- G01N 29/4427: {with stored values, e.g. threshold values}
- G01F 1/662: {Constructional details}
- G01F 23/2962: Measuring transit time of reflected waves
- G01N 2291/02818: Density, viscosity
- G01N 2291/02836: Flow rate, liquid level
- G01N 2291/02881: Temperature
- G01N 2291/0426: Bulk waves, e.g. quartz crystal microbalance, torsional waves
- G01N 2291/0427: Flexural waves, plate waves, e.g. Lamb waves, tuning fork, cantilever
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00)
- G01F: MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME

## Abstract

The invention discloses methods for simultaneously measuring various properties of a fluid using a waveguide. The method includes transmitting a plurality of wave modes into the fluid using an ultrasonic shear wave transducer from one end of a waveguide. Further, the wave modes are reflected from the other end of the waveguide. The reflected wave modes are processed simultaneously. The time of flight and the amplitude of the received wave modes are determined. Further, one or more properties of the fluid are measured using determined time of flight and amplitude of the received wave modes. The disclosed method is used to accurately measure the properties of fluid such as level, density, viscosity or flow rate in a short period of time.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of measuring various properties of a fluid using a waveguide having a first end and a second end and a body of substantially uniform cross section therebetween, at least one transducer affixed to the first end of the waveguide configured to send acoustic waves and to receive reflected acoustic signals, comprising:
a. transmitting a plurality of wave modes into the fluid using an ultrasonic shear wave transducer from the first end of a waveguide;
b. receiving the reflected plurality of wave modes from the second end of the waveguide, wherein the plurality of wave modes are selected from longitudinal (L(m,n)), torsional (T(m,n), and flexural (F(m,n)), and the reflections contain information characteristic of the properties of the fluid;
c. processing simultaneously the plurality of received wave modes;
d. determining time of flight, peak frequency, energy and amplitude ratio of the received wave modes; and
e. measuring one or more properties of the fluid using determined time of flight, peak frequency/energy and amplitude of the received wave modes, wherein the measuring comprises measuring the properties of the fluid using at least two wave modes, and the method comprises measuring a first property of the fluid, measuring a second property of the fluid and applying a correction to the first property using the second property measurement.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitting is done at an angle of 45-90° inclination to an axis of the waveguide to generate two or three wave modes simultaneously.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more properties measured include viscosity, density, flow rate, level or temperature of the fluid.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises measuring the density using flexural wave mode.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises measuring the viscosity using longitudinal wave mode.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first property is fluid level measured using F(1,1) mode, and the second property is density, viscosity or temperature of the fluid.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fluid is water and the fluid level is measured to an accuracy of 2.5% or better in the range 10-100 mm.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second end is provided with an axisymmetric notch, a non-axisymmetric notch, a bend, a polygonal section, or an elliptical section.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the second end comprises an elliptical section and the property measured is density.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the second end comprises a cylindrical or a flat section and the property measured is fluid level.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the second end comprises a cylindrical section and the property measured is flow rate of the fluid using F(1,1) or L(0,1) mode, or both.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid properties are measured using at least two different frequencies.