# US 12,006,830 B2 · Method and integrally bladed rotor for blade off testing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,006,830 B2 - Document ID: US12006830B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/971,183 - Filed: 2022-10-21 - Published: 2024-04-25 - Granted: 2024-06-11 - Earliest claimed: 2022-10-21 - Assignees: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. - Applicants: Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. - Inventors: Yongsheng Zhou; Brigitte Toljagic - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12006830B2 ## CPC - F01D 21/003: {Arrangements for testing or measuring (for measuring vibrations G01H)} - F01D 5/34: Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction {, e.g. formed of sheet laminae; (discs formed of sheet laminae F01D5/028; ceramic materials F01D5/284, composite materials F01D5/282)} - F01D 21/045: {special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor} - F04D 19/02: Multi-stage pumps - F04D 27/001: {Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring} - F04D 29/324: {Blades} - G01M 15/14: Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines - F05D 2220/36: specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines - F05D 2260/83: Testing, e.g. methods, components or tools therefor - F05D 2270/3032: excessive temperatures, e.g. caused by overheating - F01D: NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES (machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D) - F04D: NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS (engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K44/02) - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - F05D: INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS ## Abstract An integrally bladed rotor (IBR) for a gas turbine engine is provided. The IBR includes a hub, rotor blades that include a test blade, and at least one heating element. Each rotor blade has an airfoil with leading and trailing edges, suction side and pressure side surfaces, and a base end. The airfoil of the test blade includes at least one slot defining a void in the airfoil. The slot extends a lengthwise distance into the airfoil along a direction generally between the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil and terminates at a slot end surface. The airfoil includes at least one internal cavity extending lengthwise from the slot end surface. The heating element is disposed in the internal cavity and selectively produces thermal energy sufficient to heat the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity to a temperature at which the airfoil mechanical strength properties are decreased. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An integrally bladed rotor for a gas turbine engine, the integrally bladed rotor configured for use in blade off testing, comprising: a hub having a forward end, an aft end, a circumferentially extending exterior surface disposed between the forward end and the aft end; a plurality of rotor blades integrally attached to the hub and circumferentially spaced around the hub, the plurality of rotor blades including a test blade, each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades extending radially out from the hub exterior surface, and each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades having an airfoil with a leading edge, a trailing edge, a suction side surface, a pressure side surface, a base end, and a width extending between the suction side surface and the pressure side surface, and each airfoil comprised of an airfoil material having one or more mechanical strength properties; wherein the airfoil of the test blade includes at least one slot defining a void in the airfoil, the at least one slot extending a lengthwise distance into the airfoil along a direction generally between the leading edge and trailing edge of the airfoil, the at least one slot terminating at a slot end surface, and at least one internal cavity extending lengthwise from the slot end surface; and at least one heating element disposed in the at least one internal cavity, wherein the at least one heating element is configured to selectively produce an amount of thermal energy sufficient to heat the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity from a first temperature to a second temperature and at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity are decreased; wherein at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity are decreased to a point where the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity will fail during a blade off test. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the at least one heat element is electrically powered. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the at least one heat element is an exothermic material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the at least one slot is a trailing edge slot (TE slot) extending a first lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the trailing edge toward the leading edge, the TE slot terminating at a trailing edge slot end surface. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the at least one slot includes a leading edge slot (LE slot) extending a first lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the leading edge toward the trailing edge, the LE slot terminating at a leading edge slot end surface, a trailing edge slot (TE slot) extending a second lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the trailing edge toward the leading edge, the TE slot terminating at a trailing edge slot end surface, and an interior slot disposed in the airfoil between the LE slot and the TE slot, the interior slot separated from the LE slot by a first airfoil portion, and the interior slot separated from the TE slot by a second airfoil portion, and wherein the at least one internal cavity includes a first internal cavity disposed in the first airfoil portion extending lengthwise from the leading edge slot end surface and a second internal cavity disposed in the second airfoil portion extending lengthwise from the trailing edge slot end surface, and wherein at least one heating element includes a first heating element disposed within the first internal cavity and a second heating element disposed within the second internal cavity. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the integrally bladed rotor is configured for use in a compressor section of the gas turbine engine. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the integrally bladed rotor is configured for use in a fan section of the gas turbine engine. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 1, wherein the at least one slot is a leading edge slot (LE slot) extending a first lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the leading edge toward the trailing edge, the LE slot terminating at a leading edge slot end surface. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 8, wherein the at least one slot includes a trailing edge slot (TE slot) extending a second lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the trailing edge toward the leading edge, the TE slot terminating at a trailing edge slot end surface. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 9, wherein the at least one internal cavity extends lengthwise between the LE slot end surface and the TE slot end surface. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 9, further comprising at least one lateral cavity disposed adjacent and substantially lengthwise aligned with the at least one internal cavity, wherein the width of the airfoil is decreased at the at least one lateral cavity. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 11, wherein the at least one lateral cavity includes a first lateral cavity disposed on a first circumferential side of the airfoil and a second lateral cavity disposed on a second circumferential side of the airfoil, wherein the first circumferential side of the airfoil is opposite the second circumferential side of the airfoil. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The integrally bladed rotor of claim 12, wherein the first lateral cavity and the second lateral cavity are disposed in a portion of the airfoil in which the at least one internal cavity is disposed and the first lateral cavity and the second lateral cavity are spanwise aligned with the at least one internal cavity. ### Claim 14 A method for performing blade off testing on an integrally bladed rotor for a gas turbine engine, comprising: providing an integrally bladed rotor having: a hub having a forward end, an aft end, a circumferentially extending exterior surface disposed between the forward end and the aft end; a plurality of rotor blades integrally attached to the hub and circumferentially spaced around the hub, the plurality of rotor blades including a test blade, each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades extending radially out from the hub exterior surface, and each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades having an airfoil with a leading edge, a trailing edge, a suction side surface, a pressure side surface, a base end, and a width extending between the suction side surface and the pressure side surface, and each airfoil comprised of an airfoil material having one or more mechanical strength properties; wherein the airfoil of the test blade includes at least one slot defining a void in the airfoil, the at least one slot extending a lengthwise distance into the airfoil along a direction generally between the leading edge and trailing edge of the airfoil, the at least one slot terminating at a slot end surface, and at least one internal cavity extending lengthwise from the slot end surface; disposing at least one heating element disposed in the at least one internal cavity, wherein the at least one heating element is configured to selectively produce an amount of thermal energy sufficient to heat the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity from a first temperature to a second temperature and at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity are decreased; operating the gas turbine engine to test operating conditions; and selectively operating the at least one heating element to produce the amount of thermal energy sufficient to heat the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity from the first temperature to the second temperature to cause the test blade to be liberated from the integrally bladed rotor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, where the test blade further includes at least one lateral cavity disposed adjacent and substantially lengthwise aligned with the at least one internal cavity, wherein the width of the airfoil is decreased at the at least one lateral cavity. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity are decreased to a point where the airfoil material proximate the internal cavity will fail during a blade off test. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the at least one slot includes a leading edge slot (LE slot) extending a first lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the leading edge toward the trailing edge, the LE slot terminating at a leading edge slot end surface, and a trailing edge slot (TE slot) extending a second lengthwise distance into the airfoil from the trailing edge toward the leading edge, the TE slot terminating at a trailing edge slot end surface. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein the at least one internal cavity extends lengthwise between the LE slot end surface and the TE slot end surface. ### Claim 19 An integrally bladed rotor for a gas turbine engine, the integrally bladed rotor configured for use in blade off testing, comprising: a hub having a forward end, an aft end, a circumferentially extending exterior surface disposed between the forward end and the aft end; a plurality of rotor blades integrally attached to the hub and circumferentially spaced around the hub, the plurality of rotor blades including a test blade, each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades extending radially out from the hub exterior surface, and each rotor blade of the plurality of rotor blades having an airfoil with a leading edge, a trailing edge, a suction side surface, a pressure side surface, a base end, and a width extending between the suction side surface and the pressure side surface, and each airfoil comprised of an airfoil material having one or more mechanical strength properties; wherein the airfoil of the test blade includes a plurality of internal passages disposed in the airfoil proximate the base end, the plurality of passages extending between the suction side surface and the pressure side surface; and a plurality of heating elements, each disposed in a respective one of the plurality of internal passages, wherein each of the plurality of heating elements is configured to selectively produce an amount of thermal energy sufficient to heat the airfoil material proximate the respective internal passage from a first temperature to a second temperature and at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the internal passages are decreased; wherein at the second temperature the one or more mechanical strength properties of the airfoil material proximate the respective internal passages are decreased to a point where the airfoil material proximate the respective internal passages will fail during a blade off test.