# US 12,006,794 B1 · Thermochemical fluid injection to prevent cool front invasion in CO2 geothermal reservoirs

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- Number: US 12,006,794 B1
- Document ID: US12006794B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 18/180,530
- Filed: 2023-03-08
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2023-03-08
- Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Inventors: Bora Yalcin; Zuhair AlYousef; Abdulaziz S. Al-Qasim; Subhash C. Ayirala
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12006794B1

## CPC

- E21B 36/008: {using chemical heat generating means}
- C09K 8/05: containing inorganic compounds only, e.g. mixtures of clay and salt
- C09K 8/594: Compositions used in combination with injected gas {, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas}(C09K8/592 takes precedence)
- F24T 10/20: using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
- F24T 10/30: using underground reservoirs for accumulating working fluids or intermediate fluids
- F24T 50/00: Geothermal systems (for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy F03G4/00)
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- F24T: GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS

## Abstract

A method of enhancing heat transfer and energy efficiency in a geothermal reservoir includes injecting a carbonated fluid to the reservoir, injecting a first salt solution and a second salt solution into the reservoir, and increasing the temperature of the reservoir by reacting the first salt solution with the second salt solution to provide heat. The carbonated fluid injection decreases a temperature of the reservoir. The second salt solution is reactive with the first salt solution under the conditions in the reservoir after the injecting. A system of enhancing heat transfer and energy efficiency in a geothermal reservoir includes an injection system in fluid communication with an injection well. The injection system is configured to alternate the injection of the carbonated fluid and the first salt solution and second salt solution.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of enhancing heat transfer and energy efficiency in a geothermal reservoir, the method comprising:
injecting a carbonated fluid to the reservoir, wherein the carbonated fluid injection decreases a temperature of the reservoir;
injecting a first salt solution and a second salt solution into the reservoir, wherein the second salt solution is reactive with the first salt solution under the conditions in the reservoir after the injecting; and
increasing the temperature of the reservoir by reacting the first salt solution with the second salt solution to provide heat.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the conditions are selected from the group consisting of temperature, pH, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the conditions comprise a temperature of about 60° C. or greater.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the conditions comprise a pH of about 4.0 or less.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising separately injecting the first salt solution and the second salt solution, wherein the second salt solution is capable of reaction with the first salt solution upon contact under injection conditions and under conditions in the reservoir.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first salt solution comprises a first thermogenic agent and the second salt solution comprises a second thermogenic agent, wherein the reacting the first salt solution with second salt solution comprises reacting the first thermogenic agent with the second thermogenic agent.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising alternating injecting the carbonated fluid and increasing the temperature of the reservoir by injecting the first salt solution and the second salt solution until the reservoir is heated to a target temperature.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the first salt solution via dissolving an ammonium-based compound in a first aqueous solution, wherein the ammonium-based compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein the ammonium-based compound is ammonium chloride.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the second salt solution via dissolving a sodium salt in a second aqueous solution, wherein the sodium salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, sodium hypochlorite, and combinations thereof.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the sodium salt comprises sodium nitrite.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming an unreacted thermogenic mixture in the reservoir after injecting the first salt solution and the second salt solution into the reservoir, the unreacted thermogenic mixture comprising the first salt solution and the second salt solution; and
injecting an acidic fluid into the reservoir; and
mixing the acidic fluid with the unreacted thermogenic mixture, thereby triggering a reaction between the first salt solution and the second salt solution of the unreacted thermogenic mixture.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein mixing the acidic fluid and the unreacted thermogenic mixture decreases a pH of the unreacted thermogenic mixture to a value in a range from 1.0 to 4.0 to trigger a thermogenic reaction.

### Claim 14

A system for enhancing heat transfer and energy efficiency of a geothermal reservoir, the system comprising:
an injection system in fluid communication with an injection well, wherein the injection well is in fluid communication with a production well, wherein the injection well and the production well are disposed in the same geologic formation or in different geologic formations; the injection system comprising:
a carbonated fluid comprising one or more of supercritical CO2 or CO2 dissolved in a carrier fluid,
wherein the carbonated fluid is capable of introducing a cold plume to the injection well of the geothermal reservoir such that the cold CO2 plume migrates from the injection well throughout the geothermal reservoir and decreases the temperature of the geothermal reservoir;
a carbonated fluid feed inlet;
a first salt solution feed inlet; and
a second salt solution feed inlet; and
one or more production units configured to harvest thermal energy from a geothermally heated carbonated fluid recovered from the production well,
wherein a second salt solution is capable of reaction with a first salt solution upon contact under injection conditions and under conditions in the geothermal reservoir to increase a temperature of the geothermal reservoir,
wherein thermal energy is transferred from the geothermal reservoir to the carbonated fluid to form the geothermally heated carbonated fluid, and
wherein the injection system is configured to alternate the injection of the carbonated fluid and the first salt solution and second salt solution.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the first salt solution comprises an ammonium-based compound.

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the second salt solution comprises a sodium salt.

### Claim 17 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the carbonated fluid is supercritical CO2.

### Claim 18 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more production units comprises one or more turbines at a surface location proximate to the production well and configured to produce electricity from the recovered heated carbonated fluid by running the recovered heated carbonated fluid through the one or more turbines to harvest electricity.

### Claim 19 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the system comprises one or more modelling units at a surface location proximate to the injection well configured to simulate the injection of the carbonated fluid, the first salt solution, and the second salt solution in the geothermal reservoir with simulation software.