# US 12,006,471 B2 · Nanobubbles and gas-liquid mixtures for enhanced carbon dioxide sequestration

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- Number: US 12,006,471 B2
- Document ID: US12006471B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/932,363
- Filed: 2022-09-15
- Published: 2023-07-27
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2022-01-26
- Assignees: Protostar Group Ltd.
- Applicants: Protostar Group Ltd.
- Inventors: Talal Hasan; Ehab Tasfai; Juerg Matter
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12006471B2

## CPC

- C09K 8/594: Compositions used in combination with injected gas {, e.g. CO2 orcarbonated gas}(C09K8/592 takes precedence)
- E21B 41/0064: {Carbon dioxide sequestration (storing fluids in porous layers B65G5/005)}
- E21B 43/164: {Injecting CO2 or carbonated water (in combination with organic material C09K8/594)}
- C09K 2208/10: Nanoparticle-containing well treatment fluids
- Y02C 20/40: of CO2
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- Y02C: CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]

## Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel process for the mineralization of CO2 in mafic and ultramafic rocks or storage of CO2 in geological formations through the generation and use of nano-sized CO2 bubbles injected into a fluid-mixture.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage, comprising:
generating CO2 nanobubbles with a nanobubble membrane generator;
injecting said CO2 nanobubbles as a carbon dioxide and fluid mixture into a rock formation comprising mafic or ultramafic rock via an injection well wherein the carbon dioxide and fluid mixture is flowed through said injection well or an injection well tubing disposed in the rock formation, the injection well and/or injection well tubing having a plurality of longitudinal perforations at a depth of 0.4 to 4 km in said rock formation;
reacting carbon dioxide in said carbon dioxide and fluid mixture with said rock formation to form calcites and magnesites in the rock formation; and
recycling at least a portion of the fluid from said rock formation via an observation well.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 1, wherein said membrane generator comprises:
a pump;
an inlet;
an air pressure gauge;
an air connection;
an air flow meter;
a pump pressure gauge;
a discharge flow valve; and
a starter.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 2, wherein the CO2 nanobubbles have an average diameter of about 60-550 nm.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 3, wherein the CO2 nanobubble generator operates at a pressure of at least 25 bar.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 4, wherein said fluid mixture comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of water, seawater, brackish water, and conservative tracer.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 1, wherein said injection and observation wells have the same depth.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 4, wherein during the injecting, a high-pressure zone is created within said injection well below a packed off interval and a low-pressure zone is created during the recycling through the observation well.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The method of carbon dioxide mineralization and storage of claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide and fluid mixture flows from a high-pressure zone to a low-pressure zone and a fluid volume of the carbon dioxide and fluid mixture is recycled back through the observation well.