System and methods for fabricating boron nitride nanostructures

A system comprising:

• a chamber, configured to contain a chamber pressure of about 3 atmospheres or greater;
• an inductively coupled plasma-generating torch comprising a torch body, a nozzle, a top port, a first radial port, and a second radial port, wherein the top port is on a top portion of the torch body, wherein the first and second radial ports are positioned at a bottom portion of the torch body, and wherein the bottom portion of the torch body is attached to the chamber, wherein the inductively coupled plasma-generating torch is configured to contain a torch pressure of about 3 atmospheres or greater;
• a power supply in electrical communication with the inductively coupled plasma-generating torch;
• a top source comprising a gas composition, wherein the top source is in fluid communication with the top port;
• a first source comprising a boron-containing species, wherein the first source is in fluid communication with the first radial port;
• and
• a system controller, wherein the system controller is configured to:
• generate a directed flow of plasma from the nozzle toward the bottom portion of the torch body using the gas composition;
• radially introduce the boron-containing species through the first radial port into to the directed flow of the plasma downstream of the nozzle, wherein the directed flow of plasma is a fully formed and stable plume;
• and
• continuously form a product selected from the group consisting of boron nitride nanostructures, boron-carbon-nitride nanostructures and combinations thereof in the chamber.