Catalyst system and light hydrocarbon aromatization method, carbon dioxide hydrogenation process and method for enhancing catalyst lifetime

A catalyst system comprising a porous material layer containing an active metal component and a molecular sieve layer,

• wherein the active metal component is a metal atom having light hydrocarbon arylation conversion activity or carbon dioxide conversion activity, wherein the active metal component is one or more selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pt, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Sn, Pd, Rh, Ru, Mo, W, Ir, Au, Ag, Re and Bi, wherein the light hydrocarbon is C2-C4 hydrocarbon, and wherein the carbon dioxide conversion is catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide,
• wherein during light hydrocarbon arylation or carbon dioxide conversion in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere under a temperature of 500-700° C., a pressure of 0.01-2 MPa, and a hydrogen flow rate of 10-200 sccm, the active metal component migrates into the molecular sieve layer and is captured by the molecular sieve in the molecular sieve layer.