# US 12,005,429 B2 · Doped-carbon composites, synthesizing methods and applications of the same

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- Number: US 12,005,429 B2
- Document ID: US12005429B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/152,922
- Filed: 2021-01-20
- Published: 2021-08-05
- Granted: 2024-06-11
- Earliest claimed: 2008-06-18
- Assignees: Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas
- Applicants: Board of Trustees of the University of Arkansas
- Inventors: Tito Viswanathan
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12005429B2

## CPC

- B01J 27/24: Nitrogen compounds
- B01J 21/18: Carbon
- B01J 27/14: Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J 35/39: Photocatalytic properties
- B01J 37/0236: {Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying}
- B01J 37/084: {Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon}
- B01J 37/346: {of microwave energy}
- C01B 32/05: Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
- C02F 1/30: by irradiation
- C02F 1/725: {by catalytic oxidation}
- C25B 1/55: Photoelectrolysis
- H01B 1/04: mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
- B01J 35/33: Electric or magnetic properties
- C01P 2002/82: by IR- or Raman-data
- C02F 2101/30: Organic compounds
- C02F 2305/10: Photocatalysts
- H01M 4/583: Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M 4/96: Carbon-based electrodes
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C}
- C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes)
- C25B: ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR (anodic or cathodic protection C23F13/00; single-crystal growth C30B)
- H01B: CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F1/00; waveguides H01P {; printed circuits H05K})
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A composite is synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine. The synthesis process comprises dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution; evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment at a temperature for a duration of time effective to produce the composite.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composite synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine, wherein the steps involved in the synthesis process comprises:
(a) dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution;
(b) evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and
(c) subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment at a temperature for a duration of time effective to produce the composite,
wherein the solution further contains a heteroatom containing additive;
wherein the heteroatom containing additive comprises one containing oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), boron (B), sulfur (S), iodine (I), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), germanium (Ge), or a mixture thereof; and
wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises one selected from the group consisting of:
a boron compound containing boric acid, or sodium borate;
a phosphorus compound containing phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium phosphate;
a silicon compound containing potassium silicate;
a fluorine compound containing ammonium fluoride; and
an iodine compound containing sodium iodide, or ammonium iodide.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The composite of claim 1, wherein the temperature is in a range from about 700° C. to about 1800° C.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The composite of claim 2, wherein the duration of time is in a range from about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The composite of claim 1, wherein the synthesis process further comprises adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to said subjecting the powders.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

An article of manufacture, comprising the composite of claim 1.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The article of manufacture of claim 5, being a supercapacitor, a fuel cell, photovoltaic cell, a lithium ion battery, an air filter, or a water filter.

### Claim 7

A composite synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine, wherein the steps involved in the synthesis process comprises:
(d) dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution;
(e) evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and
(f) subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment at a temperature for a duration of time effective to produce the composite,
wherein the solution further contains a heteroatom containing additive;
wherein the heteroatom containing additive comprises one containing oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), boron (B), sulfur (S), iodine (I), fluorine (F), silicon (Si), selenium (Se), germanium (Ge), or a mixture thereof; and
wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a nitrogen compound containing dicyandiamide, urea, guanidine, or histidine.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The composite of claim 7, wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element further comprises hexamine.