# US 12,004,265 B2 · Multi-band network node having selectable backhaul/fronthaul configurations

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- Number: US 12,004,265 B2
- Document ID: US12004265B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/574,457
- Filed: 2022-01-12
- Published: 2023-07-27
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2022-01-12
- Assignees: Netgear, Inc.
- Applicants: NETGEAR, Inc.
- Inventors: Hsin Chung Li; Shunliang Yu; Yu Te Lin; Ting Chih Tseng; Deeksha Kamath; Andrew Patrick Yu; Sreekar Adapa; Joseph Amalan Arul Emmanuel
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12004265B2

## CPC

- H04W 88/06: adapted for operation in multiple networks {or having at least two operational modes}, e.g. multi-mode terminals
- H04W 28/0268: {using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR] (negotiating SLA or negotiating QoS H04W28/24)}
- H04W 28/0865: {of different Radio Access Technologies [RATs], e.g. LTE® or Wi-Fi®}
- H04W 40/12: based on transmission quality or channel quality
- H04W 72/0453: Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
- H04W 88/085: {Access point devices with remote components}
- H04W 88/10: adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)

## Abstract

A multi-band network node has selectable backhaul/fronthaul configurations. Network nodes provide multi-band operation to take advantage of higher Internet speeds and to support lower latency (>2 Gbps, <4 ms latency) applications. A greater Wi-Fi device count (capacity) is supported by implementing communication over additional bands. Increased bandwidth is made available between connected nodes by selectively combining backhaul throughputs. Hardware quality-of-service (QoS) is provided by splitting traffic flows for low latency and data applications. Network coverage is extended by dynamic assignment of backhaul connections and by configuring unused backhauls as fronthauls.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A network node, comprising:
a plurality of radio modules, each of said modules simultaneously operable with each other radio module, each of said radio modules communicating via a communications band that is different from each other of said radio modules;
said radio modules comprising collectively at least two backhauls;
a controller for controlling throughput of said node by selectably configuring each of said two backhauls as any of a backhaul and a fronthaul;
said controller operable to increase throughput by aggregating said at least two backhauls;
said controller operable to optimize hardware quality-of-service (QoS) by splitting traffic flows for said at least two backhauls between low latency and data applications; and
said controller operable to optimize network coverage by dynamically assigning said at least two backhauls, wherein unused backhauls are configured as fronthauls.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, further comprising:
five radio modules, each module operating on a different one of five communications bands.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The network node of claim 2, said communications bands comprising:
a 2.4 GHz band;
a 5 GHz low band;
a 5 GHz high band;
a 6 GHz low band; and
a 6 GHz high band.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, further comprising:
said radio modules configurable for coordinated operation to provide multiband routing for any of three traffic dispatching scenarios.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The network node of claim 4, wherein said traffic dispatching scenarios comprise:
a high-performance mode which provides high performance between any connected nodes in a network that have at least two backhauls therebetween by aggregating both backhauls from each of the network nodes;
wherein traffic is either equally dispatched by, or based on selective traffic flow between, said at least two backhauls;
wherein low latency packets are routed with priority and assured to avoid packets getting dropped; and
wherein data packets are routed with allowing random packet dropping when resources limited or congested.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The network node of claim 4, said traffic dispatching scenarios comprise:
a mid-performance mode between any connected nodes in a network that have at least two backhauls therebetween;
wherein a first backhaul is configured as a backhaul; and
wherein a second backhaul is configured as a fronthaul to extend network coverage.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The network node of claim 4, said traffic dispatching scenarios comprise:
a coverage extension mode between any connected nodes in a network that have at least two backhauls therebetween in which network operation is optimized for maximum range while throughput is reduced by selective backhaul and fronthaul operation;
wherein only one selective backhaul is available;
wherein low latency packets are routed with priority and assured to avoid packets being dropped; and
wherein data packets are routed with allowing random packet dropping when resources limited or congested.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, further comprising:
an I/O interface;
a network processing unit (NPU) connected to each network node module via a PCIe bus;
said network node further comprising a corresponding RF front end that includes a power amplifier, low noise amplifier, and at least one band pass filter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The network node of claim 8, further comprising:
a diplexer that combines two bands to use one set of antennas for both bands.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, further comprising:
means for preventing interference between said radio modules.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The network node of claim 10, said means for preventing interference between said radio modules comprising any of:
a mounting scheme that physically isolates each of said radio modules from each other;
an isolated heatsink associated with each of said radio modules;
a separate, isolated power supply associated with each of said radio modules;
one or more high selectivity filters associated with each of said radio modules;
a narrow band receive low noise amplifier associated with each of said radio modules;
a narrow band transmit power amplifier associated with each of said radio modules;
isolated antenna cable routing associated with each of said radio modules;
a narrow band antenna associated with each of said radio modules; and
a coexistence bus.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The network node of claim 11, wherein each radio module is mounted separately; and
wherein each radio is connected to a main board through a connector to isolate each radio as a separate module.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The network node of claim 11, wherein said heatsinks are placed on opposite sides of respective radio module circuit boards in a staggered fashion to avoid energy radiated by one radio's heatsink interfering with the operation of another radio.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The network node of claim 11, wherein each radio has its own respective power supply connected to a common power source;
wherein each said power supply operates separately from each other said power supply.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The network node of claim 11, further comprising:
a narrow bandwidth tuned circuit in a transmit power amplifier path and tuned circuits in a receive low noise amplifier path.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The network node of claim 15, wherein said tuned circuits are provided in the transmit and receive amplifier paths for each band for additional cross talk rejection between each of said bands.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The network node of claim 10, said means for preventing interference between said radio modules further comprising:
cable isolation, wherein cables for each radio module are positioned away from cables for each of the other radio modules.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures concurrent multi-band operation in a STAR network, where TPUT=TPUT 1+TPUT 2; and
wherein two backhauls operate simultaneously between any two network nodes.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures concurrent multi-band operation in a DAISY network, where TPUT=TPUT 1+TPUT 2; and
wherein two backhauls operate simultaneously between any three network nodes.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures a QoS based backhaul STAR network;
wherein two backhauls connect to a spreading node;
wherein said two backhauls are split;
wherein a first backhaul is configured for low latency applications to other backhauls; and
wherein a second backhaul is configured for DATA applications.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures a QoS based backhaul DAISY network;
wherein a first backhaul uses lower latency throughout the DAISY network; and
wherein a second backhaul is used for DATA applications throughout the DAISY network.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures a selective backhaul STAR network configured for coverage;
wherein for a first network node a first backhaul is dedicated to a second network node and a second backhaul is dedicated to a third network node; and
wherein said second and third network nodes each dedicate a first backhaul to said first node, and wherein said second and third network nodes each use a second backhaul as a fronthaul.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, wherein said controller configures selective backhaul DAISY network configured for coverage;
wherein each network node uses a backhaul as a fronthaul.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, said controller comprising:
a network processing unit (NPU) for:
classifying fronthaul traffic type using any of Mirror Stream Classification Service (MSCS), Type of Service (TOS) field in IP packet headers/Diffserv Code Point (DSCP), and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI);
adapting different control mechanisms based on satellite placement scenarios (High Performance, Mid Performance, Coverage Extension); and
controlling system wide parameters to route traffic into different backhauls with priority.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The network node of claim 24, wherein said network processing unit (NPU) performs deep packet inspection on incoming packets to determine whether a packet is from a real time application or a data center application;
wherein when a packet is received from a data center application it is routed to a backhaul that is dedicated to DATA transfer; and
wherein when a packet is received from a real time application it is routed to a backhaul that is dedicated to low latency applications.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The network node of claim 25, wherein said network processing unit (NPU) selects maximum throughput wherein, when said network nodes are close to each other, for each network node each packet is routed through two backhauls at the same time without segregation of data.

### Claim 27 (depends on 24)

The network node of claim 24, wherein said network processing unit (NPU) executes one or more traffic dispatching scenarios comprising:
a high performance aggregated backhaul in which a first and a second backhaul each dispatch low latency real time applications and data center applications;
a midperformance QoS based backhaul in which a first backhaul dispatches low latency real time applications, and in which a second backhaul dispatches data center applications; and
a coverage extension selective backhaul in which a first and a second backhaul each dispatch low latency real time applications and data center applications.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

The network node of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of narrow band, orthogonally polarized antennas by which said radio modules send and receive signals over respective communications bands.