# US 12,004,045 B2 · Determining location based on dynamic path loss exponent (PLE) and intercept (Int) estimation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,004,045 B2 - Document ID: US12004045B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/453,752 - Filed: 2021-11-05 - Published: 2022-06-16 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-12-15 - Assignees: Juniper Networks, Inc. - Applicants: Juniper Networks, Inc. - Inventors: Mohammad Zohoorian; Robert D. Berry - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12004045B2 ## CPC - H04W 4/029: Location-based management or tracking services - G01S 5/0278: {involving statistical or probabilistic considerations (G01S5/0252, G01S5/0294 take precedence)} - H04W 24/08: Testing, {supervising or monitoring} using real traffic - G01S 5/0252: {Radio frequency fingerprinting} - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES ## Abstract Methods of deriving location information of a wireless device include deriving, in the continuous domain, a location of a wireless device and at least one time and location varying path loss function parameter. The coordinates and parameter are derived based on signal strength measurements made at the wireless device, with the measured signals originating from a plurality of wireless transmitters, such as access points. The derived path loss function parameter can include one or more of a path loss exponent parameter, an intercept parameter, a receiver antenna gain parameter, transmitter antenna gain parameter, or a transmit power parameter. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method, comprising: obtaining, by one or more processors of a location determination server, a signal strength measurement for each of a plurality of wireless signals received by a wireless device from a corresponding plurality of wireless transmitters; generating, by the one or more processors, for each of the signal strength measurements, a probability distribution function indicative of a probability that the wireless device is in a location, the probability distribution function including at least a first unknown path loss function parameter based on a first location of the wireless device at a first time and a second unknown path loss function parameter based on a second location of the wireless device at a second time; deriving, by the one or more processors and based on the probability distribution function, a value for the first unknown path loss function parameter and a value for the second unknown path loss function parameter; determining, by the one or more processors and based on the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter and the value of the second unknown path loss function parameter, the location of the wireless device; and generating an output indicating the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the location of the wireless device further includes, for each of a plurality of particular locations of the wireless device, aggregating log values of probabilities that the wireless device is in a particular location. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein deriving a location of the wireless device further includes identifying the location of the wireless device where the aggregated log values are maximized. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein deriving the location of the wireless device further includes identifying the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter that maximizes a probability of the wireless device being in a particular location. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first unknown path loss function parameter includes an intercept parameter and a path loss exponent parameter, and wherein the intercept parameter further includes a transmit power parameter, a receiving antenna gain parameter, and a transmit antenna gain parameter. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising automatically invoking one or more actions based on the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising providing one or more location services to the wireless device based on the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 8 A system, comprising: one or more processors; one or more memories storing instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: generate, for each signal strength measurement for each of a plurality of wireless signals received by a wireless device from a corresponding plurality of wireless transmitters, a probability distribution function indicative of a probability that the wireless device is in a location, the probability distribution function including at least a first unknown path loss function parameter based on a first location of the wireless device at a first time and a second unknown path loss function parameter based on a second location of the wireless device at a second time; derive, based on the probability distribution function, a value for the first unknown path loss function parameter and a value for the second unknown path loss function Parameter; determine, based on the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter and the value of the second unknown path loss function parameter, the location of the wireless device; and generate an output indicating the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, further including a network management system configured to automatically invoke one or more actions based on the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, further including a network management system configured to provide one or more location services to the wireless device based on the location of the wireless device. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: for each of a plurality of particular locations of the wireless device, aggregate log values of probabilities that the wireless device is in a particular location. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: identify the location of the wireless device where the aggregated log values are maximized. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: identify the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter that maximizes a probability of the wireless device being in a particular location. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the first unknown path loss function parameter includes an intercept parameter and a path loss exponent parameter, and wherein the intercept parameter further includes a transmit power parameter, a receiving antenna gain parameter, and a transmit antenna gain parameter. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: determine a transmit antenna gain parameter with respect to a first wireless transmitter of the plurality of wireless transmitters based on the location of the wireless device and a known location of the first wireless transmitter; and derive the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter based on the transmit antenna gain parameter. ### Claim 16 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: determine a receiver antenna gain parameter with respect to a first wireless transmitter of the plurality of wireless transmitters based on an orientation of the first wireless transmitter, a known location of the first wireless transmitter, and the location of the wireless device; and derive the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter based on the receiver antenna gain parameter. ### Claim 17 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: determine transmission power values for each of the plurality of wireless transmitters; and derive an unknown generalized approximation of an intercept parameter value based on the transmission power values, wherein deriving the location of the wireless device is based on the derived unknown generalized approximation of the intercept parameter value. ### Claim 18 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the probability distribution function is a Gaussian, Nakagami, or Rician probability distribution function. ### Claim 19 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the plurality of wireless transmitters are configured to provide a wireless network at a site, and wherein the one or more memories further store instructions that when executed configure the one or more processors to: generate an output indicating an x-y coordinate location of the wireless device at the site. ### Claim 20 Non-transitory computer-readable storage media comprising instructions that, when executed, configure processing circuitry to: obtain a signal strength measurement for each of a plurality of wireless signals received by a wireless device from a corresponding plurality of wireless transmitters; generate, for each of the signal strength measurements, a probability distribution function indicative of a probability that the wireless device is in a location, the probability distribution function including at least a first unknown path loss function parameter based on a first location of the wireless device at a first time and a second unknown path loss function parameter based on a second location of the wireless device at a second time; derive, based on the probability distribution function, a value for the first unknown path loss function parameter and a value for the second unknown path loss function Parameter; determine, based on the value of the first unknown path loss function parameter and the value of the second unknown path loss function parameter, the location of the wireless device; and generate an output indicating the location of the wireless device.