# US 12,003,628 B2 · Systems and methods for quantum session authentication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,003,628 B2 - Document ID: US12003628B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/190,707 - Filed: 2023-03-27 - Published: 2023-09-14 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2018-03-09 - Assignees: Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. - Applicants: Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. - Inventors: Masoud Vakili - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12003628B2 ## CPC - H04L 9/0858: {Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding} - G06F 7/582: {Pseudo-random number generators} - H04L 9/0662: {with particular pseudorandom sequence generator} - H04L 9/0869: {involving random numbers or seeds} - H04L 9/0894: {Escrow, recovery or storing of secret information, e.g. secret key escrow or cryptographic key storage} - H04L 9/3228: {One-time or temporary data, i.e. information which is sent for every authentication or authorization, e.g. one-time-password, one-time-token or one-time-key} - H04L 63/08: {for authentication of entities (cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication H04L9/32)} - H04L 65/1069: Session establishment or de-establishment - H04L 65/1079: {of unsolicited session attempts, e.g. SPIT} - G06N 10/40: Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS ## Abstract Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer program products are disclosed for session authentication and random number generation. An example method includes receiving, by decoding circuitry and over a quantum line, a set of qubits generated based on a first set of quantum bases. The example method further includes decoding, by the decoding circuitry and based on a second set of quantum bases, the set of qubits to generate a decoded set of bits. In this example method, the first set of quantum bases is determined without reliance on the second set of quantum bases and the second set of quantum bases is determined without reliance on the first set of quantum bases. The example method further includes generating, by random number generation circuitry, a number comprising the decoded set of bits. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for session authentication, the method comprising: selecting, by encoding circuitry of a first device, a first set of quantum bases; generating, by the encoding circuitry of the first device, a set of qubits based on the first set of quantum bases; and transmitting, by the encoding circuitry of the first device, the set of qubits over a quantum line to a decoding circuitry, wherein the first device does not transmit information about the first set of quantum bases. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on a second set of quantum bases used by the decoding circuitry. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the first set of quantum bases is selected without knowledge of the second set of quantum bases. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating, by the encoding circuitry of the first device, a pseudorandom value; wherein selecting the first set of quantum bases is based on the pseudorandom value. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein generating the pseudorandom value comprises: monitoring, by the encoding circuitry of the first device, a selection frequency for each quantum basis; and selecting, by the encoding circuitry of the first device, the pseudorandom value such that a likelihood that an unselected quantum basis is selected during subsequent selections is increased. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein generating the pseudorandom value is based on a set of weights, the method further comprising: modifying, by the encoding circuitry of the first device and upon selecting the first set of quantum bases, the set of weights such that an unselected set of quantum bases is more likely to be selected. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by decoding circuitry and over the quantum line, the set of qubits; decoding, by the decoding circuitry and based on a second set of quantum bases, the set of qubits to generate a decoded set of bits, wherein (i) the first set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on the second set of quantum bases and (ii) the second set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on the first set of quantum bases; and generating, by random number generation circuitry, a number comprising the decoded set of bits. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, further comprising: generating, by session authentication circuitry of the first device, a session key by setting the session key equal to the generated number. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the quantum line comprises an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, free space, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of quantum bases comprises a plurality of quantum bases. ### Claim 11 An apparatus for session authentication, the apparatus comprising: encoding circuitry configured to: select a first set of quantum bases, generate a set of qubits based on the first set of quantum bases, and transmit the set of qubits over a quantum line to a decoding circuitry, wherein the apparatus does not transmit information about the first set of quantum bases. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on a second set of quantum bases used by the decoding circuitry. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first set of quantum bases is selected without knowledge of the second set of quantum bases. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the encoding circuitry is further configured to: generate a pseudorandom value; wherein selecting the first set of quantum bases is based on the pseudorandom value. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14, wherein generating the pseudorandom value comprises: monitoring a selection frequency for each quantum basis; and selecting the pseudorandom value such that a likelihood that an unselected quantum basis is selected during subsequent selections is increased. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14, wherein generating the pseudorandom value is based on a set of weights, wherein the encoding circuitry is further configured to: modify, upon selecting the first set of quantum bases, the set of weights such that an unselected set of quantum bases is more likely to be selected. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the quantum line comprises an optical fiber, an optical waveguide, free space, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: decoding circuitry configured to: receive, over the quantum line, the set of qubits; decode, based on a second set of quantum bases, the set of qubits to generate a decoded set of bits, wherein (i) the first set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on the second set of quantum bases and (ii) the second set of quantum bases is selected without reliance on the first set of quantum bases; and random number generation circuitry configured to generate a number comprising the decoded set of bits. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising session authentication circuitry configured to generate a session key by setting the session key equal to the generated number. ### Claim 20 A computer program product for session authentication, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing software instructions that, when executed, cause an apparatus to: select a first set of quantum bases; generate a set of qubits based on the first set of quantum bases; and transmit the set of qubits over a quantum line to a decoding circuitry, wherein the apparatus does not transmit information about the first set of quantum bases.