# US 12,003,296 B2 · Beamforming for multi-aperture orbital angular momentum multiplexing based communication > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,003,296 B2 - Document ID: US12003296B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/997,213 - Filed: 2020-07-01 - Published: 2023-05-25 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-07-01 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Min Huang; Chao Wei; Hao Xu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12003296B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 7/0452: Multi-user MIMO systems - H04B: TRANSMISSION ## Abstract Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a receiver of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication may receive, from a transmitter of the OAM multiplexing based communication, a plurality of reference signals corresponding to a plurality of aperture pairs, wherein a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals corresponds to an OAM mode of a corresponding aperture pair; transmit, to the transmitter, a feedback message comprising beamforming information based at least in part on the plurality of reference signals; and receive, from the transmitter, a plurality of data streams that are beamformed based at least in part on the beamforming information. Numerous other aspects are provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of wireless communication performed by a receiver of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication, comprising: receiving, from a transmitter of the OAM multiplexing based communication, a plurality of reference signals corresponding to a plurality of aperture pairs, wherein a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals corresponds to an OAM mode of a corresponding aperture pair; transmitting, to the transmitter, a feedback message comprising beamforming information based at least in part on the plurality of reference signals; and receiving, from the transmitter, a plurality of data streams that are beamformed based at least in part on the beamforming information. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the beamforming information indicates at least one of: a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups comprises the OAM mode, a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups, a group-specific coefficient associated with the OAM mode group, a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to at least one OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM groups, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the beamforming information further indicates an index associated with the OAM mode. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the index indicates: an OAM mode level corresponding to the OAM mode, and an aperture pair identifier associated with the corresponding aperture pair. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the beamforming information indicates an order corresponding to the index and at least one additional index associated with at least one additional OAM mode. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining inter-aperture interference associated with two or more aperture pairs of the plurality of aperture pairs, determining intra-aperture interference associated with the corresponding aperture pair, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a combining coefficient for a single OAM mode associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein the combining coefficient has a value of one. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a group-specific coefficient associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups or a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 10 A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication, comprising: transmitting, to a receiver of the OAM multiplexing based communication, a plurality of reference signals corresponding to a plurality of aperture pairs, wherein a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals corresponds to an OAM mode of a corresponding aperture pair; receiving, from the receiver, a feedback message comprising beamforming information based at least in part on the plurality of reference signals; and transmitting, to the receiver, a plurality of data streams that are beamformed based at least in part on the beamforming information. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information indicates at least one of: a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups comprises the OAM mode, a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups, a group-specific coefficient associated with the OAM mode group, a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to at least one OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM groups, or 37 a combination thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the beamforming information further indicates an index associated with the OAM mode. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the index indicates: an OAM mode level corresponding to the OAM mode, and an aperture pair identifier associated with the corresponding aperture pair. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the beamforming information indicates an order corresponding to the index and at least one additional index associated with at least one additional OAM mode. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information is based at least in part on at least one of: an inter-aperture interference associated with two or more aperture pairs of the plurality of aperture pairs, an intra-aperture interference associated with the corresponding aperture pair, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information indicates a plurality of OAM mode groups based at least in part on a condition being satisfied. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information indicates a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 18 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information does not indicate a combining coefficient for a single OAM mode associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein the combining coefficient has a value of one. ### Claim 19 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, wherein the beamforming information indicates a group-specific coefficient associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups or a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 20 A receiver of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: receive, from a transmitter of the OAM multiplexing based communication, a plurality of reference signals corresponding to a plurality of aperture pairs, wherein a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals corresponds to an OAM mode of a corresponding aperture pair; transmit, to the transmitter, a feedback message comprising beamforming information based at least in part on the plurality of reference signals; and 39 receive, from the transmitter, a plurality of data streams that are beamformed based at least in part on the beamforming information. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The receiver of claim 20, wherein the beamforming information indicates at least one of: a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups comprises the OAM mode, a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups, a group-specific coefficient associated with the OAM mode group, a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to at least one OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM groups, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The receiver of claim 21, wherein the beamforming information further indicates an index associated with the OAM mode. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The receiver of claim 22, wherein the index indicates: an OAM mode level corresponding to the OAM mode, and an aperture pair identifier associated with the corresponding aperture pair. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The receiver of claim 22, wherein the beamforming information indicates an order corresponding to the index and at least one additional index associated with at least one additional OAM mode. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The receiver of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determine inter-aperture interference associated with two or more aperture pairs of the plurality of aperture pairs, determine intra-aperture interference associated with the corresponding aperture pair, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The receiver of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The receiver of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a combining coefficient for a single OAM mode associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein the combining coefficient has a value of one. ### Claim 28 (depends on 20) The receiver of claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to determine a group-specific coefficient associated with an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups or a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to an OAM mode group of a plurality of OAM mode groups. ### Claim 29 A transmitter of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing based communication, comprising: a memory; and 41 one or more processors, coupled to the memory, configured to: transmit, to a receiver of the OAM multiplexing based communication, a plurality of reference signals corresponding to a plurality of aperture pairs, wherein a reference signal of the plurality of reference signals corresponds to an OAM mode of a corresponding aperture pair; receive, from the receiver, a feedback message comprising beamforming information based at least in part on the plurality of reference signals; and transmit, to the receiver, a plurality of data streams that are beamformed based at least in part on the beamforming information. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The transmitter of claim 29, wherein the beamforming information indicates at least one of: a plurality of OAM mode groups, wherein an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups comprises the OAM mode, a combining coefficient for two or more non-orthogonal OAM modes associated with an OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM mode groups, a group-specific coefficient associated with the OAM mode group, a modulation and coding scheme value corresponding to at least one OAM mode group of the plurality of OAM groups, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The transmitter of claim 30, wherein the beamforming information further indicates an index associated with the OAM mode. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The transmitter of claim 31, wherein the index indicates: 42 an OAM mode level corresponding to the OAM mode, and an aperture pair identifier associated with the corresponding aperture pair. ### Claim 33 (depends on 31) The transmitter of claim 31, wherein the beamforming information indicates an order corresponding to the index and at least one additional index associated with at least one additional OAM mode. ### Claim 34 (depends on 29) The transmitter of claim 29, wherein the beamforming information is based at least in part on at least one of: an inter-aperture interference associated with two or more aperture pairs of the plurality of aperture pairs, an intra-aperture interference associated with the corresponding aperture pair, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 35 (depends on 29) The transmitter of claim 29, wherein the beamforming information indicates a plurality of OAM mode groups based at least in part on a condition being satisfied.