# US 12,003,179 B2 · Power supply and emulated current mode to control generation of an output voltage

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,003,179 B2
- Document ID: US12003179B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/496,805
- Filed: 2021-10-08
- Published: 2023-04-13
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2021-10-08
- Assignees: Infineon Technologies Austria AG
- Applicants: Infineon Technologies Americas Corp.
- Inventors: Keng Chen; Min Chen; James R. Garrett; Danny Clavette; Charles P. Amirault
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12003179B2

## CPC

- H02M 3/1584: {with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel}
- H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter}
- H02M 1/0025: {Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter}
- H02M 1/36: Means for starting or stopping converters
- H02M 3/003: {Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections}
- H02M 3/1588: {comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element (H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence)}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

A power supply includes a storage component to store an output current value representative of a magnitude of output current supplied by an output voltage of a power converter to power a load. The power supply further includes an offset reference generator and a controller. The offset reference generator produces an offset reference signal, the output current value being offset by the offset reference signal. The controller controls generation of the output voltage of the power converter as a function of the offset output current value with respect to a threshold signal (value). Additionally, the controller is configured to detect a startup mode of a power converter operative to convert an input voltage into an output voltage. During the startup mode, the controller: i) produces a threshold signal having a magnitude that varies over time, and ii) controls operation of switches in the power converter as a function of the threshold signal while the power converter is operated in a diode emulation mode. Implementation of the startup mode monotonically increases a magnitude of the output voltage without dips.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus comprising:
a storage component to store an output current value representative of a magnitude of an output current supplied by an output voltage of a power converter to power a load;
a first offset reference generator to produce a first offset reference signal, the output current value being offset by the first offset reference signal;
a controller to control generation of the output voltage of the power converter as a function of the offset output current value with respect to a threshold signal, the threshold signal generated based on an error voltage, the error voltage being a difference between a magnitude of the output voltage and a target reference voltage;
a second offset reference generator operative to produce a second offset reference signal; and
a summer operative to sum the error voltage and the second offset reference signal to produce an offset error voltage.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
a comparator to produce control signals based on a comparison of a summation of the output current value and the first offset reference signal with respect to the threshold signal; and
wherein the controller is operative to control operation of switches in the power converter via the control signals.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the storage component is a capacitor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the first offset reference signal produced by the first offset reference generator is a ramp voltage having a magnitude that varies over time.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the offset output current value emulates the magnitude of the output current supplied by the output voltage to the load.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the output current value stored in the storage component represents a measured valley magnitude of the output current at an instant in time.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The apparatus as in claim 6, wherein the instant in time occurs at a transition between i) deactivating synchronous switch circuitry of the power converter, and ii) activating control switch circuitry in the power converter to convert an input voltage into the output voltage.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein a magnitude of the first offset reference signal varies over time; and
wherein the controller is further operative to vary a slew rate of the first offset reference signal depending on a magnitude of a switching frequency of controlling switches in the power converter that convert an input voltage into the output voltage.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the controller is operative to control a duration of activating high side switch circuitry in the power converter based on a comparison of the offset output current value with respect to the threshold signal.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter includes a control switch and a synchronous switch; and
wherein the output current value stored in the storage component is derived from a monitored voltage of a node of the power converter coupling the control switch to the synchronous switch.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the output current represents first output current supplied by a first power converter phase to the load, the apparatus further comprising:
an adjustor to adjust a magnitude of the output current value stored in the storage component based on a magnitude of a second output current supplied by a second power converter phase to the load.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The apparatus as in claim 11, wherein the adjusted magnitude of the output current value is generated to equalize the magnitude of the first output current supplied by the first power converter phase with respect to the magnitude of the second output current supplied by the second power converter phase to the load.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase;
wherein the controller is a first controller controlling operation of the first power converter phase; and
wherein the first controller is operative to communicate the threshold signal and first output current status information to a second controller operative to control a second power converter phase, the first output current status information indicating an average magnitude of the output current supplied by the first power converter phase to the load.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The apparatus as in claim 13, wherein the first controller is operative to produce the first output current status information as a function of the threshold signal.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus as in claim 14, wherein the first output current status information is generated based on a summation of the threshold signal and a first signal, the first signal indicating the average magnitude of the output current supplied by the first power converter phase.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The apparatus as in claim 15, wherein the second controller is operative to produce second output current status information based on the threshold signal and a second signal, the second signal indicating an average magnitude of an output current supplied by the second power converter phase to the load; and
wherein the second controller is operative to control the average magnitude of the output current supplied by the second power converter phase to be substantially equal to the average magnitude of the output current supplied by the first power converter phase to the load as a function of the first output current status information and the second output current status information.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising:
an amplifier operative to: i) receive the second offset reference signal and the offset error voltage, and ii) generate the threshold signal based on a difference between the offset error voltage and the second offset reference signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The apparatus as in claim 17, wherein the amplifier is a transconductance amplifier.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase, the apparatus further comprising:
an output node operative to output the threshold signal to a second power converter phase, the second power converter phase operative to produce the output voltage in parallel with the first power converter phase, the threshold signal used by the second power converter to regulate the magnitude of the output voltage.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the controller is operative to regulate the magnitude of the output voltage of the power converter based on the magnitude of the error voltage.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase of a power supply;
wherein the controller is operative to: i) generate output current status information indicating the magnitude of the output current supplied to the load; and ii) output the output current status information to a second power converter phase of the power supply, the second power converter phase operative to produce the output voltage in parallel with the first power converter phase based on the output current status information.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The apparatus as in claim 21, wherein the first power converter phase includes a first switch and a second switch; and
wherein the first switch is activated in response to detecting that the first power converter phase is a master power converter phase, activation of the first switch operative to convey the output current status information to the second power converter phase.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase of a power supply;
wherein the output current of the first power converter is a first output current;
wherein the controller is operative to: i) generate output current status information indicating the magnitude of the first output current supplied to the load; and ii) output the output current status information to a second power converter phase of the power supply; and
wherein the second power converter is phase operative to produce the output voltage in parallel with the first power converter phase, the second power converter phase operative to: i) regulate the magnitude of the output voltage from the second power converter phase with respect to the threshold signal, the threshold signal received from the first power converter phase, and ii) regulate a magnitude of a second output current supplied by the second power converter phase to the load based at least in part on the output current status information received from the first power converter phase.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase of a power supply, the first power converter phase being a master power converter phase;
wherein the output current of the first power converter is a first output current;
wherein the first power converter includes a first output current monitor and a first output current balance signal generator, the apparatus further comprising:
a second power converter phase including a second output current monitor and a second output current balance signal generator, the second power converter phase being a slave power converter phase with respect to the master power converter phase.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The apparatus as in claim 24, wherein the first power converter phase is operative to disable the first output current balance signal generator from controlling the first output current based on output current status information generated by the first output current monitor; and
wherein the second power converter phase is operative to enable the second output current balance signal generator to control a magnitude of a second output current supplied by the second power converter phase to the load based at least in part on the output current status information generated by the first output current monitor.

### Claim 26

A method comprising:
obtaining an output current value representative of a magnitude of an output current supplied by an output voltage of a power converter to power a load;
storing the output current value;
producing a first offset reference signal, the output current value being offset by the first offset reference signal; and
controlling generation of the output voltage of the power converter as a function of the offset output current value with respect to a threshold signal, the threshold signal generated based on an error voltage, the error voltage being a difference between a magnitude of the output voltage and a target reference voltage;
producing a second offset reference signal; and
via a summer, summing the error voltage and the second offset reference signal to produce an offset error voltage.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26 further comprising:
producing control signals based on a comparison of a summation of the output current value and the first offset reference signal with respect to the threshold signal; and
controlling operation of switches in the power converter via the control signals.

### Claim 28 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26 further comprising:
storing the output current value in a capacitor.

### Claim 29 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26, wherein the first offset reference signal is a ramp voltage having a magnitude that varies over time.

### Claim 30 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26 further comprising:
emulating the offset output current value via the magnitude of the output current supplied by the output voltage to the load.

### Claim 31 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26, wherein the stored output current value represents a measured valley magnitude of the output current at an instant in time.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The method as in claim 31, wherein the instant in time occurs at a transition between i) deactivating synchronous switch circuitry of the power converter, and ii) activating control switch circuitry in the power converter to convert an input voltage into the output voltage.

### Claim 33 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26 further comprising:
producing the first offset reference signal to vary over time; and
varying a slew rate of the first offset reference signal depending on a magnitude of a switching frequency of controlling switches in the power converter that convert an input voltage into the output voltage.

### Claim 34 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26 further comprising:
controlling a duration of activating high side switch circuitry in the power converter based on a comparison of the offset output current value with respect to the threshold signal.

### Claim 35 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26, wherein the power converter includes a control switch and a synchronous switch, the method further comprising:
deriving the stored output current value from a monitored voltage of a node of the power converter coupling the control switch to the synchronous switch.

### Claim 36 (depends on 26)

The method as in claim 26, wherein the output current represents first output current supplied by a first power converter phase to the load, the method further comprising:
adjusting a magnitude of the output current value stored in the storage component based on a magnitude of output current supplied by a second power converter phase to the load.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The method as in claim 36, further comprising:
via the adjusted magnitude of the output current, equalizing the magnitude of the output current supplied by the first power converter phase with respect to the magnitude of the output current supplied by the second power converter phase.

### Claim 38

An apparatus comprising:
a storage component to store an output current value representative of a magnitude of an output current supplied by an output voltage of a power converter to power a load;
an offset reference generator to produce an offset reference signal, the output current value being offset by the offset reference signal;
a controller to control generation of the output voltage of the power converter as a function of the offset output current value with respect to a threshold signal, the threshold signal generated based on an error voltage, the error voltage being a difference between a magnitude of the output voltage and a target reference voltage;
wherein the controller is operative to regulate the magnitude of the output voltage of the power converter based on the magnitude of the error voltage;
wherein the power converter is a first power converter phase of a power supply;
wherein the controller is operative to: i) generate output current status information indicating the magnitude of the output current supplied to the load; and ii) output the output current status information to a second power converter chase of the power supply, the second power converter phase operative to produce the output voltage in parallel with the first power converter phase based on the output current status information;
wherein the first power converter phase includes a first switch and a second switch;
wherein the first switch is activated in response to detecting that the first power converter phase is a master power converter phase, activation of the first switch operative to convey the output current status information to the second power converter phase; and
wherein the second switch is deactivated in response to detecting that the first power converter phase is the master power converter phase, deactivation of the second switch operative to disable use of the output current status information by the first power converter phase to control the magnitude of the output current supplied by the first power converter phase to the load.