# US 12,003,130 B2 · Energy storage system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,003,130 B2 - Document ID: US12003130B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/693,092 - Filed: 2022-03-11 - Published: 2022-06-23 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-04-29 - Assignees: Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. - Applicants: Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. - Inventors: He Zhou; Zhaohui Wang; Xun Wang; Yanzhong Zhang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12003130B2 ## CPC - H02J 7/933: {the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters} - H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially - H02J 7/56: Active balancing, e.g. using capacitor-based, inductor-based or DC-DC converters - H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC] - H02J 7/84: Control of state of health [SOH] - H02J 7/94: in response to battery current - H02M 3/04: by static converters - H02M 7/44: by static converters - H02S 40/38: Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules - H02J 3/32: using batteries or super capacitors with converting means - H02J 7/35: with light sensitive cells - H02J 7/575: {Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit} - H02J 2101/24: Photovoltaics - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02S: GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES (obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources G21H1/12; light sensitive inorganic semiconductor devices H10F; light sensitive organic semiconductor devices H10K30/00; thermoelectric devices H10N10/00; pyroelectric devices H10N15/00) ## Abstract An energy storage system includes one or more energy storage unit clusters, and the energy storage unit cluster includes at least two energy storage modules connected in series. The energy storage system further includes a first bus, a second bus, and a centralized monitoring system of the energy storage unit cluster, where the second bus is a direct current bus. The energy storage unit cluster is coupled to the first bus by using a first converter. One energy storage module includes one energy storage element group and one DC/DC converter, and the energy storage element group is coupled to the second bus by using the DC/DC converter. The centralized monitoring system is connected to the energy storage unit cluster through a control bus, and is configured to control a DC/DC converter in any energy storage module in the energy storage unit cluster. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An energy storage system, comprising: at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the at least one energy storage unit cluster comprises at least two energy storage modules, wherein the at least two energy storage modules are connected in series, and wherein one of the at least two energy storage modules comprises one energy storage element group and one direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter; a first bus, wherein the at least one energy storage unit cluster is coupled to the first bus via a first converter; a second bus, wherein the second bus is a direct current bus, and wherein the energy storage element group is coupled to the second bus via the DC/DC converter; and a centralized monitoring system of the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the centralized monitoring system is connected to the at least one energy storage unit cluster through a control bus, and is configured to control a respective DC/DC converter in any energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster to output a compensation current to an energy storage element group end or draw a current from an energy storage element group end, so that energy storage element parameters of all energy storage modules in the at least one energy storage unit cluster are consistent, wherein the one of the at least two energy storage modules further comprises one battery management unit (BMU), wherein the centralized monitoring system is connected to a respective BMU of each energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster through a control bus, and a controller in a respective BMU of a respective energy storage module controls the DC/DC converter to generate the compensation current to the energy storage element group end or draw the current from the energy storage element group end, so that the energy storage element parameters of all the energy storage modules in the at least one energy storage unit cluster are consistent, wherein a first input/output end of a respective DC/DC converter in any one of the at least two energy storage modules is coupled to an energy storage element group; and wherein second input/output ends of DC/DC converters in all of the at least two energy storage modules are connected in series to each other, and then are coupled to the second bus. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein a first input/output end of a respective DC/DC converter in any one of the at least two energy storage modules is coupled to an energy storage element group; and wherein second input/output ends of DC/DC converters in all of the at least two energy storage modules are connected in parallel to the second bus. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the centralized monitoring system is integrated into the first converter. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein a respective energy storage module further comprises a switch bridge arm, wherein the switch bridge arm comprises a master control switch and a bypass switch; wherein one end of the master control switch is connected to the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module, and the other end of the master control switch is used as an input/output end of the respective energy storage module; and wherein one end of the bypass switch is connected to a first input/output end of the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module, and the other end of the bypass switch is connected to a second input/output end of the respective energy storage module. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the first port. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the first port via a second converter. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the first bus is a direct current bus, and the second converter is a DC/DC converter, and wherein a boost ratio of the second converter is determined based on a voltage of the first bus and a voltage of the second bus; or wherein the first bus is an alternating current bus, and the second converter is a DC/AC converter. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the second port. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the second port via a second converter. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The energy storage system according to claim 9, wherein the first bus is a direct current bus, wherein the first converter is a bidirectional DC/DC converter, wherein a circuit topology of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is a non-isolated circuit topology, and wherein a boost ratio of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is determined based on a voltage of the first bus and a port voltage of the energy storage unit cluster. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The energy storage system according to claim 9, wherein the first bus is an alternating current bus, wherein the first converter is a bidirectional DC/AC converter, wherein a circuit topology of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is a non-isolated circuit topology, and wherein a boost ratio of the bidirectional DC/AC converter is determined based on a port voltage of the energy storage unit cluster and a voltage of the first bus. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The energy storage system according to claim 9, wherein: the first bus is a direct current bus, and the second converter is a DC/DC converter; or the first bus is an alternating current bus, the first converter is a bidirectional DC/AC converter, and the second converter is a DC/DC converter; and wherein a boost ratio of the second converter is determined based on a port voltage of the at least one energy storage unit cluster and a voltage of the second bus. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage element parameters comprise a charging/discharging time, a state of charge (SOC), a depth of discharge (DOD), a state of health (SOH), or a port voltage. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter in a respective energy storage module is a unidirectional DC/DC converter; wherein an energy direction of the unidirectional DC/DC converter is from the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module to the second bus; wherein a maximum charging current of the at least one energy storage unit cluster is determined based on a capacity of a first energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the first energy storage module is an energy storage module with a maximum capacity out of the energy storage modules comprised in the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein a maximum discharging current of the at least one energy storage unit cluster is determined based on a capacity of a second energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the second energy storage module is an energy storage module with a minimum capacity out of the energy storage modules comprised in the at least one energy storage unit cluster. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter in a respective energy storage module is a unidirectional DC/DC converter; wherein an energy direction of the unidirectional DC/DC converter is from the second bus to the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module; wherein a maximum discharging current of the at least one energy storage unit cluster is determined based on a capacity of a first energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the first energy storage module is an energy storage module with a maximum capacity out of the energy storage modules comprised in the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein a maximum charging current of the at least one energy storage unit cluster is determined based on a capacity of a second energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the second energy storage module is an energy storage module with a minimum capacity out of the energy storage modules comprised in the at least one energy storage unit cluster. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage system comprises a plurality of energy storage unit clusters, and the plurality of energy storage unit clusters share the second bus. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the second bus is between 40 V and 100 V, or between 400 V and 500 V, or between 900 V and 1200 V. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first bus is coupled to a photovoltaic power generation system via a unidirectional DC/DC converter. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the first bus is coupled to an alternating current load or an alternating current power grid via a bidirectional DC/AC converter. ### Claim 20 An energy storage system, comprising: at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the at least one energy storage unit cluster comprises at least two energy storage modules, wherein the at least two energy storage modules are connected in series, and wherein one of the at least two energy storage modules comprises one battery management unit (BMU), one energy storage element group and one direct current (DC)/alternating current (AC) converter; a first bus, wherein the at least one energy storage unit cluster is coupled to the first bus via a first converter; a second bus, wherein the second bus is an alternating current bus, and wherein the energy storage element group is coupled to the second bus via the DC/AC converter; and a centralized monitoring system of the at least one energy storage unit cluster, wherein the centralized monitoring system is connected to a BMU of each energy storage module in the at least one energy storage unit cluster through a control bus, and a controller in a respective BMU of a respective energy storage module controls a respective DC/AC converter to generate a compensation current to an energy storage element group end or draw a current from an energy storage element group end, so that energy storage element parameters of all the energy storage modules in the at least one energy storage unit cluster are consistent, wherein a first input/output end of a respective DC/AC converter in any one of the at least two energy storage modules is coupled to an energy storage element group; and wherein second input/output ends of DC/AC converters in all of the at least two energy storage modules are connected in series to each other, and then are coupled to the second bus. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein the centralized monitoring system is integrated into the first converter. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein a respective energy storage module further comprises a switch bridge arm, wherein the switch bridge arm comprises a master control switch and a bypass switch; wherein one end of the master control switch is connected to the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module, and the other end of the master control switch is used as an input/output end of the respective energy storage module; and wherein one end of the bypass switch is connected to a first input/output end of the energy storage element group in a respective energy storage module, and the other end of the bypass switch is connected to a second input/output end of the respective energy storage module. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the first port. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the first port via a second converter. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein the first converter comprises a first port and a second port, wherein the first port is coupled to the first bus, and the second port is coupled to an input/output end of the at least one energy storage unit cluster; and wherein the second bus is coupled to the second port via a second converter. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The energy storage system according to claim 20, wherein the energy storage element parameters comprise a charging/discharging time, a state of charge (SOC), a depth of discharge (DOD), a state of health (SOH), or a port voltage.