# US 12,003,117 B2 · Foreign object detection in wireless power transfer > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,003,117 B2 - Document ID: US12003117B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/348,645 - Filed: 2021-06-15 - Published: 2021-12-16 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-06-15 - Assignees: The Regents of the University of Michigan - Applicants: The Regents of the University of Michigan - Inventors: Al-Thaddeus Avestruz; Sung Yul Chu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12003117B2 ## CPC - H02J 50/60: responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings - H02J 50/10: using inductive coupling - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY ## Abstract A system for wireless power transfer includes a plurality of transfer elements, each transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements being configured as a transmitter for the wireless power transfer or a receiver for the wireless power transfer, a plurality of sensors, each sensor of the plurality of sensors being positioned relative to the plurality of transfer elements and configured to generate sensor data indicative of a field implementing the wireless power transfer, and a processor coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to determine an estimate of a terminal variable level in a respective transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements based on the sensor data, and to determine whether a foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer based on whether the estimated terminal variable level is different from another assessment of the terminal variable level by more than a threshold. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for wireless power transfer, the system comprising: a plurality of transfer elements, each transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements being configured as a transmitter for the wireless power transfer or a receiver for the wireless power transfer; a plurality of sensors, each sensor of the plurality of sensors being positioned relative to the plurality of transfer elements and configured to generate sensor data indicative of a field implementing the wireless power transfer; a power transfer coil current sensor configured to generate a measurement of a terminal current level in a respective transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements; and a processor coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to determine an estimate of a terminal current level during the wireless power transfer in a respective transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements based on the sensor data, and to determine whether a foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer based on whether the estimated terminal current level is different from the measurement of the terminal current level during the wireless power transfer by more than a threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements comprises a transfer coil. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors comprises a sense coil. ### Claim 4 A system for wireless power transfer, the system comprising: a plurality of transfer elements, each transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements being configured as a transmitter for the wireless power transfer or a receiver for the wireless power transfer; a plurality of sensors, each sensor of the plurality of sensors being positioned relative to the plurality of transfer elements and configured to generate sensor data indicative of a field implementing the wireless power transfer; a processor coupled to the plurality of sensors and configured to determine an estimate of a terminal variable level during the wireless power transfer in a respective transfer element of the plurality of transfer elements based on the sensor data, and to determine whether a foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer based on whether the estimated terminal variable level is different from another assessment of the terminal variable level during the wireless power transfer by more than a threshold; and a transfer coil current sensor configured to generate a measurement of the terminal variable level in the respective transfer element, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer based on whether the estimated terminal variable level is different from the measurement of the terminal variable level. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a second plurality of sensors, each sensor of the second plurality of sensors is positioned relative to the plurality of transfer elements and configured to generate further sensor data indicative of the field representative of the wireless power transfer, wherein: the processor is coupled to the second plurality of sensors and configured to determine a further estimate of the terminal current level in the respective transfer element based on the further sensor data, and to determine whether the foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer based on the further estimate. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises more than two sensors such that the processor is configured to determine whether the foreign object is affecting the wireless power transfer over a range of misalignment between the plurality of transfer elements. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine an amount of power dissipated in the foreign object based on the sensor data. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to provide an indication of whether the amount of power dissipated in the foreign object exceeds a threshold. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor data comprises data representative of an open circuit voltage across each sensor of the plurality of sensors. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the respective transfer element is configured as a transmitter coil. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the respective transfer element is configured as a receiver coil. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors is positioned between the plurality of transfer elements. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors is disposed in a co-planar arrangement. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein each sensor of the plurality of sensors comprises a single turn coil. ### Claim 15 A method for foreign object detection in a wireless power transfer system, the method comprising: determining, by a processor, during wireless power transfer, using a plurality of sensors of the wireless power transfer system, a first assessment of a terminal current level in a transfer element of the wireless power transfer system, each sensor of the plurality of sensors being positioned relative to the transfer element to generate sensor data indicative of a field implementing wireless power transfer via the transfer element; determining, during the wireless power transfer, a second assessment of the terminal current level in the transfer element; determining, by the processor, a difference between the first assessment and the second assessment; and providing, by the processor, an indication of whether a foreign object is obstructing the wireless power transfer based on whether the difference exceeds a threshold; wherein determining the second assessment comprises measuring, with a power transfer coil current sensor, the terminal current level in the transfer element. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising generating further sensor data generated by a second plurality of sensors of the wireless power transfer system, each sensor of the second plurality of sensors being positioned relative to the transfer element such that the further sensor data is indicative of the field. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising determining, by the processor, an amount of power dissipated in the foreign object based on the sensor data. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The method of claim 17, wherein the indication specifies whether the amount of power dissipated in the foreign object exceeds a threshold.