# US 12,002,948 B2 · Immobilized selenium in a porous carbon with the presence of oxygen, a method of making, and uses of immobilized selenium in a rechargeable battery

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,002,948 B2
- Document ID: US12002948B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/149,766
- Filed: 2023-01-04
- Published: 2023-07-06
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2015-09-22
- Assignees: Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic); II-Vi Delaware, Inc.
- Applicants: II-VI Delaware, Inc.; Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic)
- Inventors: Wen-Qing Xu; Xiaoming Li; Shailesh Patkar; Elgin E. Eissler; Marta Sevilla Solis; Antonio Benito Fuertes Arias
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12002948B2

## CPC

- H01M 4/364: {as mixtures}
- H01M 10/425: {Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing (printed circuits H05K1/00)}
- C01B 32/05: Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
- C01B 32/336: characterised by gaseous activating agents
- C01B 32/348: Metallic compounds
- H01M 4/38: of elements or alloys
- H01M 4/587: for inserting or intercalating light metals
- H01M 4/625: {Carbon or graphite}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- C01B: NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; {METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C}
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

In a method of preparing an immobilized selenium system or body, a selenium-carbon-oxygen mixture is formed. The mixture is then heated to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium and the heated mixture is then cooled to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium system or body.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of preparing an immobilized selenium body comprising:
(a) forming a mixture comprising selenium and a self-templated porous carbon;
(b) heating the mixture of step (a) to a temperature above the melting temperature of selenium; and
(c) causing the heated mixture of step (b) to cool to ambient or room temperature, thereby forming the immobilized selenium body,
wherein the self-templated porous carbon is made by a process that includes:
carbonizing a salt by melting until oversaturation of anions in the melt forms a crystallized salt in the melt;
increasing the viscosity of the melt until the melt coats surfaces of crystallites of the crystallized salt; and
solidifying carbon in the melt on the surfaces of the crystallites.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the self-templated porous carbon comprises oxygen species.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further including, prior to step (a), subjecting the self-templated porous carbon to a post-treatment process to enhance the amount of oxygen species in the self-templated carbon.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3, wherein the post-treatment process comprises reacting the self-templated porous carbon with an oxidizing agent.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises at least one of the following:
nitric acid;
hydrogen peroxide;
an organic peroxide;
oxygen; and/or
ozone.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises at least one of the following in an aqueous environment:
ammonium persulfate;
sodium persulfate;
potassium persulfate;
a salt of manganese;
a salt of vanadium; and/or
a salt of chromium.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises sulfur.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises tellurium.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture further comprises sulfur and tellurium.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises a carbonate anion.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10, wherein the salt is potassium carbonate.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises a citrate anion.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12, wherein the salt is potassium citrate, calcium citrate or sodium citrate.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises a gluconate anion.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The method of claim 14, wherein the salt is potassium gluconate.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises a tartrate anion.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the salt is potassium tartrate.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises a bicarbonate anion.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the salt comprises an oxalate anion.