# US 12,002,927 B1 · Electrolytes, electrodes, electrolytes and electrodes materials, and manufacturing thereof

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- Number: US 12,002,927 B1
- Document ID: US12002927B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 18/230,590
- Filed: 2023-08-04
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2023-08-04
- Assignees: UNIGRID, Inc.
- Applicants: UNIGRID, Inc.
- Inventors: Darren Huan Shen Tan; Erik Austin Wu; Bingyu Lu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12002927B1

## CPC

- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 4/133: Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M 4/134: Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
- H01M 4/387: {Tin or alloys based on tin}
- H01M 4/587: for inserting or intercalating light metals
- H01M 10/054: Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/027: {Negative electrodes}
- H01M 2010/4292: {Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode}
- H01M 2300/0028: characterised by the solvent
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

The present disclosure is related to an electrolyte for a sodium secondary battery, wherein the electrolyte comprises a compound having a chemical structure including an oxygen molecule covalently bound to R1 and R2 groups (R1-O-R2), wherein each of R1 and R2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A sodium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte including a sodium salt and a compound having a chemical structure including an oxygen molecule covalently bound to R1 and R2 groups (R1-O—R2), wherein each of R1 and R2 is an alkyl group or an aryl group,
wherein the negative electrode includes a plurality of tin (Sn) particles,
wherein the plurality of Sn particles has an average particle size equal to or larger than about 1.3 μm and up to about 200 μm,
wherein the electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of from about 10−5 mS cm−1 to about 100 mS cm−1 at room temperature,
wherein the sodium secondary battery has an N/P ratio of 0.1 to 30.0.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode includes:
a negative electrode material layer, and
a negative electrode active material layer,
wherein the negative electrode material layer and the negative electrode active material layer include the plurality of Sn particles,
wherein the plurality of Sn particles has an average particle size of from about 1.5 μm to about 200 μm.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the negative electrode active material layer further comprises at least one other active material including hard carbon.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector, and the negative electrode active material layer is formed on at least one surface of the current collector.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 2, wherein the negative electrode active material layer may include the tin (Sn) in an amount of 1 wt % or more, based on 100 wt % of the negative electrode active material layer.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the plurality of Sn particles has an average particle diameter of from about 2 μm to about 100 μm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the plurality of Sn particles has an average particle diameter of from about 5 μm to about 70 μm.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode layer further comprises a binder resin, a conductive material or a solid electrolyte.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a liquid electrolyte.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one selected from the following solvents, Dimethoxyethane (glyme), Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether (triglyme), Ethylene glycol diethyl ether, Ethyl ether, Propyl ether, Butyl ether, Diphenyl ether, Dimethyl ether, Diethyl ether, Dipropyl ether, Diisopropyl ether, Dibutyl ether, Dibenzyl ether, Isoamyl ether, Benzyl ether, Diethlene glycol diethyl ether, Dipropylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether, Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, Diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-Methyltetrahydrofuran, Oxacyclohexane, Oxacyclopropane, Diethylene Glycol Methyl Ethyl Ether, Diisopropyl Ether, 1,3-Dioxolane, 1,4 Dioxane, Trioxane.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one solvent free of any C═O carbon double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, benzene ring, phosphates, double or triple bonded carbon C═C/C≡C, or halogen containing functional groups.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the sodium salt comprises NaPF6, NaBF4, NaClO4, NaCF3SO3, sodium closo-borate salt, Sodium bis-(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI), Sodium trifluoro-methane-sulfonimide (NaTFSI), Sodium Bis(oxalato)borate (NaBOB), Sodium-difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB), or a combination thereof.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 12, wherein the sodium closo-borate salt comprises NaCB9H10, NaCB11H12, Na2B12H12, Na2B10H10, Na[7-CB10H13], Na[7,8-C2B9H12], Na[7,9-C2B9H12], or a combination thereof.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the total dissolved sodium salt concentration in the electrolyte with respect to the total amount of solvents used in the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 10.0 M.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the total dissolved sodium salt concentration in the electrolyte with respect to the total amount of solvents used in the electrolyte is from about 0.1 M to about 10.0 M.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the total dissolved sodium salt concentration in the electrolyte with respect to the total amount of solvents used in the electrolyte is from about 0.5 M to about 2.0 M.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of from about 10−1 mS cm−1 to about 100 mS cm−1 at room temperature.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte exhibits an oxidative electrochemical stability window of more than about 3.0V vs Na/Na+, based on the onset of the oxidative peak in the linear sweep voltammetry.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte exhibits an oxidative electrochemical stability window of more than about 4.7 V vs Na/Na+, based on the onset of the oxidative peak in the linear sweep voltammetry.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte exhibits a reductive electrochemical stability window of less than about 2.5 V vs Na/Na+, based on the onset of the reductive peak in the linear sweep voltammetry.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte exhibits a reductive electrochemical stability window of less than about 0.5 V vs Na/Na+, based on the onset of the reductive peak in the linear sweep voltammetry.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer comprises sodium transition metal oxide, sodium transition metal polyanionic oxide, sodium transition metal phosphate, or sodium ferrocyanide as a positive electrode active material, and the transition metal in the sodium transition metal oxide, sodium transition metal phosphate, or the sodium transition metal polyanionic oxide comprises Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe, V, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 22, wherein the positive electrode active material layer further comprises a binder resin, a conductive material, a solid electrolyte, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The sodium secondary battery according to claim 23, wherein the negative or positive electrode active material layer is obtained using the negative or positive electrode active material, the conductive material and the binder resin by a manufacturing method according to a dry mixing process without a solvent.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery has a Coulombic efficiency of at least 60% for the first 80 cycles.

### Claim 26 (depends on 1)

The battery of claim 1, wherein the battery has a Coulombic efficiency of at least 60% for the first 30 cycles.