# US 12,000,901 B2 · Battery state estimation based on multiple rates of hysteresis transit

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- Number: US 12,000,901 B2
- Document ID: US12000901B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/679,380
- Filed: 2022-02-24
- Published: 2023-08-24
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2022-02-24
- Assignees: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
- Applicants: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
- Inventors: Charles W. Wampler, II; Thanh-Son Dao
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12000901B2

## CPC

- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- G01R 31/3842: combining voltage and current measurements
- B60L 3/12: Recording operating variables {; Monitoring of operating variables}
- B60L 58/12: responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L 2240/545: Temperature
- B60L 2240/547: Voltage
- B60L 2240/549: Current
- G01R 31/007: {using microprocessors or computers}
- G01R 31/382: Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A system for an electric vehicle includes a hysteresis module configured to calculate a plurality of hysteresis state components of a battery based on a measured current and a respective hysteresis transit rate, calculate an overall hysteresis state of the battery based on the plurality of hysteresis state components, and calculate a hysteresis voltage of the battery based on the overall hysteresis state, and a state of charge (SOC) module configured to calculate an SOC of the battery based in part on the hysteresis voltage.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A vehicle, comprising a system the system comprising:
a hysteresis module configured to:
calculate a plurality of hysteresis state components of a battery of the vehicle based on a measured current, wherein the hysteresis module calculates each of the plurality of hysteresis state components based on a respective hysteresis transit rate,
calculate an overall hysteresis state of the battery based on the plurality of hysteresis state components, and
calculate a hysteresis voltage of the battery based on the overall hysteresis state; and
a state of charge (SOC) module configured to calculate an SOC of the battery based in part on the hysteresis voltage.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the plurality of hysteresis state components based on a C-rate associated with the measured current.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hysteresis module includes a plurality of rate modules configured to output the plurality of hysteresis state components based on the hysteresis transit rates.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The vehicle of claim 3, wherein the plurality of hysteresis state components are transit variables.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the plurality of hysteresis state components based on lagged currents associated with the measured current.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The vehicle of claim 5, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the plurality of hysteresis components based on respective relaxation factors assigned to the lagged currents, wherein the relaxation factors correspond to relaxation of hysteresis voltage subsequent to stopping charging or discharging of the battery.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The vehicle of claim 6, wherein the relaxation factors are relaxation weights.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the overall hysteresis state based on a weighted sum of the plurality of hysteresis state components.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The vehicle of claim 8, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the weighted sum based on a plurality of weighting factors, and wherein a sum of the plurality of weighting factors is 1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the hysteresis voltage further based on a voltage gap.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The vehicle of claim 10, wherein the hysteresis module is configured to calculate the hysteresis voltage based on a product of the hysteresis state and the voltage gap.