# US 12,000,662 B2 · Pressure equilibrated thermal insulation gap

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- Number: US 12,000,662 B2
- Document ID: US12000662B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/494,410
- Filed: 2021-10-05
- Published: 2023-04-06
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2021-10-05
- Assignees: General Electric Company
- Applicants: General Electric Company
- Inventors: Daniel Jason Erno; William Dwight Gerstler; Biao Fang; Laura Cerully Dial; Voramon Supatarawanich Dheeradhada; Hendrik Pieter Jacobus de Bock
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12000662B2

## CPC

- B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing
- F28D 9/0018: {without any annular circulation of the heat exchange media}
- F28F 9/02: Header boxes; End plates
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general)
- F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16)

## Abstract

A thermal structure for management of thermal energy, the thermal structure including: a first wall structure defining a first cavity; a second wall structure defining a second cavity, the second cavity in fluid communication with the first cavity; and a barrier cavity defined at least in-part by the first wall structure and the second wall structure, wherein the barrier cavity is disposed between the first cavity and the second cavity and includes a pressurized barrier fluid therein or is configured to receive the pressurized barrier fluid during operation of the thermal structure.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A thermal structure for management of thermal energy, the thermal structure comprising:
a first wall structure defining a first cavity;
a second wall structure defining a second cavity, the second cavity in fluid communication with the first cavity; and
a barrier cavity defined at least in-part by the first wall structure and the second wall structure, wherein the barrier cavity is disposed between the first cavity and the second cavity and comprises a pressurized barrier fluid therein or is configured to receive the pressurized barrier fluid during operation of the thermal structure;
wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are configured to receive a flow of a working fluid therethrough, wherein the barrier cavity is configured to receive a portion of the working fluid from one of the first cavity or the second cavity as a substantially static barrier fluid.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier cavity is fluidly connected to one of the first cavity or the second cavity to receive the pressurized barrier fluid such that during operation a pressure within the barrier cavity is substantially equal to a pressure in one of the first cavity or the second cavity.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier cavity is fluidly connected to one of the first cavity or the second cavity and fluidly isolated from the other of the first cavity or the second cavity.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the first wall structure and the second wall structure are separated by the barrier cavity.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the thermal structure is configured as a heat exchanger, wherein the thermal structure further comprises a thermal load element in fluid communication with the first cavity, the second cavity, or both of the first and second cavities.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The thermal structure of claim 5, wherein the thermal load element is disposed adjacent to and in contact with a wall of the first wall structure, a wall of the second wall structure, or walls of both the first wall structure and the second wall structure.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The thermal structure of claim 6, wherein the thermal load element is engaged with a portion of the first wall structure, a portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the first and second wall structures such that the thermal load element absorbs a structural load in response to thermal expansion of the portion of the first wall structure, the portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the first and second wall structures.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, further comprising a thermal load element engaged with a portion of the first wall structure, a portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the first and second wall structures such that the thermal load element absorbs a structural load in response to thermal expansion of the portion of the first wall structure, the portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the series of first and second walls.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier cavity is fluidly connected to one of the first cavity or the second cavity through an orifice.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the barrier cavity is fluidly connected to one of the first cavity or the second cavity through an orifice, and wherein the barrier cavity is completely fluidly isolated except for the orifice.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are separated by a distance, wherein the distance is greater than ⅛ of an inch.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The thermal structure of claim 1, wherein the first cavity is configured to receive a flow of working fluid at a first pressure equal to or greater than 200 bar.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

A method of operating a thermal structure according to claim 1, the method comprising:
providing the first cavity with a first portion of the working fluid, wherein the first portion of the working fluid defines a first pressure;
providing the second cavity with a second portion of the working fluid, wherein the second portion of the working fluid defines a second pressure; and
providing the barrier cavity with the pressurized barrier fluid, wherein the pressurized barrier fluid defines a barrier fluid pressure, wherein the pressurized barrier fluid pressure is substantially equal to the first pressure, substantially equal to the second pressure, or between the first and second pressures.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein providing the barrier cavity with the pressurized barrier fluid comprises providing a third portion of the working fluid from the first cavity to the barrier cavity.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein providing the second cavity with the second portion of the working fluid comprises flowing working fluid from the first cavity to the second cavity.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15, wherein flowing working fluid from the first cavity to the second cavity comprises flowing working fluid from the first cavity to the second cavity through a thermal load element.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein providing the barrier cavity with the pressurized barrier fluid comprises:
opening a fluidic pathway between the first cavity and the barrier cavity;
providing a third portion of the working fluid from the first cavity to the barrier cavity as the pressurized barrier fluid;
equalizing a pressure of the third portion of the working fluid with the first pressure of the working fluid in the first cavity; and
closing the fluidic pathway between the first cavity and the barrier cavity.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13, wherein the barrier cavity comprises a plurality of barrier cavities, the method further comprising pressuring the plurality of barrier cavities, wherein each cavity of the plurality of barrier cavities is pressurized separately from the other barrier cavities of the plurality of the barrier cavities.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising engaging a thermal load element with a portion of the first wall structure, a portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the first and second wall structures such that the thermal load element absorbs a structural load in response to thermal expansion of the portion of the first wall structure, the portion of the second wall structure, or portions of both the first and second wall structures.