# US 12,000,640 B2 · Integrated dilution refrigerators

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- Number: US 12,000,640 B2
- Document ID: US12000640B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/861,026
- Filed: 2022-07-08
- Published: 2023-01-12
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2021-07-08
- Assignees: Maybell Quantum Industries, Inc.
- Applicants: Maybell Quantum Industries, Inc.
- Inventors: Corban I. Tillemann-Dick; Kyle J. Thompson; Bryan J. Choo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12000640B2

## CPC

- F25B 9/12: using 3He-4He dilution
- B22F 1/0547: {Nanofibres or nanotubes}
- B22F 5/106: {Tube or ring forms}
- B22F 7/008: {characterised by the composition}
- F25B 9/02: using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
- F25B 9/10: with several cooling stages
- F25B 9/145: {pulse-tube cycle}
- F25B 25/005: {using primary and secondary systems}
- F25D 19/006: {Thermal coupling structure or interface}
- H05K 7/20372: {Cryogenic cooling; Nitrogen liquid cooling}
- H05K 7/208: {Liquid cooling with phase change}
- H05K 7/20818: {within cabinets for removing heat from server blades}
- B22F 1/054: Nanosized particles
- B22F 2999/00: Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
- B33Y 80/00: Products made by additive manufacturing
- F25B 9/14: characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B 2500/13: Vibrations
- F25D 2317/043: by creating a vacuum in a storage compartment
- H05K 7/20827: {within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. air conditioning devices}
- F25B: REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- F25D: REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (refrigerated showcases A47F3/04; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use A47J41/00; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes B60 - B64; containers with thermal insulation in general B65D81/38; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion C09K5/00; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F17C; air-conditioning or air-humidification F24F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration G12B)
- H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING

## Abstract

A distributed refrigeration system is provided. The distributed refrigeration system comprises a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices. The two or more cryogenic devices may be two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a 3He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A distributed refrigeration system comprising a pre-cooling system configured to be thermally coupled to two or more cryogenic devices and to provide a first cooling stage to the two or more cryogenic devices, wherein:
the distributed refrigeration system is configured to be integrated into one or more server racks,
the pre-cooling system is integrated into a first server rack, and
the two or more cryogenic devices are integrated into second server racks different than the first server rack.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising the two or more cryogenic devices thermally coupled to the pre-cooling system.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprise at least one dilution refrigerator.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprise two or more of a dilution refrigerator, a low-temperature microscopy system, a 3He refrigeration system, and/or a superconducting CMOS system.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein the first cooling stage has a temperature at or below 5 K.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 5, wherein the pre-cooling system comprises a cryocooling system.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6, wherein the cryocooling system comprises a pulse tube.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6, wherein the cryocooling system comprises a Brayton cryocooler.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 6, wherein the cryocooling system comprises a helium liquefier system.

### Claim 10 (depends on 5)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 5, wherein the two or more cryogenic devices comprises a dilution refrigerator having a second cooling stage configured to reach a temperature at or below 1 K.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 10, wherein the second cooling stage is configured to reach a temperature at or below 100 mK.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein:
the two or more cryogenic devices comprise a dilution refrigerator.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 1, further comprising thermal coupling components configured to transfer heat from the two or more cryogenic devices to the pre-cooling system.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more fill lines.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more heat pipes.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 15, wherein the one or more heat pipes comprise one or more pulsed heat pipes.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the thermal coupling components comprise a superfluid loop.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The distributed refrigeration system of claim 13, wherein the thermal coupling components comprise one or more vacuum insulated pipes.