# US 11,999,502 B2 · Aerial vehicle architectures for improved thrust efficiency and internal cooling > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,999,502 B2 - Document ID: US11999502B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/239,514 - Filed: 2021-04-23 - Published: 2022-01-13 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2020-05-01 - Assignees: FLIR Unmanned Aerial Systems ULC - Applicants: FLIR Unmanned Aerial Systems ULC - Inventors: Glen Johannesson; Albert Pegg; Dmytro Silin - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11999502B2 ## CPC - B64D 33/08: of power plant cooling systems - B64U 10/14: with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters - B64U 20/75: the body formed by joined shells or by a shell overlaying a chassis - B64U 20/96: using air - B64U 50/14: ducted or shrouded - B64U 50/19: using electrically powered motors - B64U 2101/30: for imaging, photography or videography - B64U 2201/104: using satellite radio beacon positioning systems, e.g. GPS - B64U 2201/20: Remote controls - B64D: EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT - B64U: UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR ## Abstract An airframe assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is provided where the airframe assembly includes a top airframe assembly, a bottom airframe assembly, and a planar support frame disposed between the top and bottom airframe assemblies. The top and bottom airframe assemblies may form one or more rotor ducts disposed about one or more UAV propulsion motor mounts, respectively, where the rotor ducts are configured to protect rotating rotors disposed therein from physical damage caused by impact with environmental flight hazards. The airframe assembly may further include a heat sink thermally coupled to electronics of the UAV and disposed within the airframe assembly such that rotating blades in the rotor ducts cause air to be drawn from outside of inlet orifices of the top airframe assembly, through an airflow channel in which dissipation surfaces of the heat sink are disposed, and into a rotor duct via an airflow outlet. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An airframe assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the airframe assembly comprising: a top airframe assembly comprising a top foam airframe core at least partially enclosed within a top airframe shell; and a bottom airframe assembly comprising a bottom foam airframe core at least partially enclosed within a bottom airframe shell and coupled to the top airframe assembly, wherein: the top and bottom foam airframe cores form one or more rotor ducts; each rotor duct comprises an inlet and a diffusor outlet shaped to increase a thrust efficiency of a propulsion system for the UAV; the top airframe assembly comprises a metal heat sink assembly disposed at least partially between the top foam airframe core and the top airframe shell and configured to cool at least power electronics of the UAV; and the top airframe shell comprises a plurality of cooling air inlet orifices configured to allow ambient air to reach a dissipation surface of the metal heat sink assembly. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, further comprising: a planar support frame disposed between the top and bottom foam airframe cores and configured to physically couple the top foam airframe core to the bottom foam airframe core, wherein: the planar support frame comprises one or more UAV propulsion motor mounts each configured to provide a mechanical linkage between the airframe assembly and a corresponding UAV propulsion motor; the one or more rotor ducts are disposed about the one or more UAV propulsion motor mounts, respectively; and the one or more rotor ducts are configured to protect rotating rotors disposed therein from physical damage caused by impact with environmental flight hazards. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein: the one or more rotor ducts are a plurality of rotor ducts; the top airframe shell is more rigid than the top foam airframe core; the bottom airframe shell is more rigid than the bottom foam airframe core; the top and bottom airframe shells are configured to protect against mechanical intrusions and abrasions during flight operation of the UAV; the top and bottom foam airframe cores are configured to consume impact energy and provide vibration dampening for internal components of the UAV; each rotor duct inlet is formed, at least in part, by the top foam airframe core; and each rotor duct diffusor outlet is formed, at least in part, by the bottom foam airframe core. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein the top and bottom foam airframe cores are configured to render the airframe assembly sufficiently buoyant while the UAV is floating on a water surface to position rotors disposed within the one or more rotor ducts substantially above the water surface. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein: the airframe assembly comprises at least one airflow channel formed between the top airframe shell and the top foam airframe core; each airflow channel is configured to form an air conduit between the plurality of cooling air inlet orifices and a negative pressure above a rotor plane generated by a rotor rotating in a corresponding one of the one or more rotor ducts; and the rotor rotating in the corresponding rotor duct draws the ambient air from the plurality of cooling air inlet orifices to the dissipation surface of the metal heat sink assembly, into the corresponding rotor duct, and out of the diffusor outlet of the corresponding rotor duct. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein: a density of the top and bottom foam airframe cores and a shape of the rotor ducts are configured to provide an overall thrust gain for the UAV; the overall thrust gain is normalized to at least a combined weight of the top and bottom foam airframe cores; and the overall thrust gain is greater than one. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein: the top airframe shell comprises a secondary cover disposed over the metal heat sink assembly disposed at least partially between the top foam airframe core and the secondary cover and configured to cool at least the power electronics of the UAV; and the secondary cover comprises the plurality of cooling air inlet orifices configured to allow ambient air to reach the dissipation surface of the metal heat sink assembly. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The airframe assembly of claim 7, wherein: the airframe assembly comprises at least one airflow channel formed between the top airframe shell and the top foam airframe core; each airflow channel is configured to form an air conduit between the plurality of cooling air inlet orifices and a negative pressure above a rotor plane defined by a rotor rotating in a corresponding one of the one or more rotor ducts; and the rotor rotating in the corresponding rotor duct draws the ambient air from the plurality of cooling air inlet orifices to the dissipation surface of the metal heat sink assembly, into the corresponding rotor duct, and out of the diffusor outlet of the corresponding rotor duct. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The airframe assembly of claim 1, wherein the top and/or bottom foam airframe cores comprise expanded polystyrene foam and/or polycarbonate. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A method for assembling the airframe assembly of claim 1, the method comprising: overmolding the top airframe shell with the top foam airframe core to form the top airframe assembly; overmolding the bottom airframe shell with the bottom foam airframe core to form the bottom airframe assembly; attaching the top airframe assembly to the bottom airframe assembly; and overmolding the metal heat sink assembly with the top foam airframe core such that a first side of the metal heat sink assembly faces the bottom foam airframe core and a second side of the metal heat sink assembly faces an inner surface of the top airframe shell, wherein the second side of the metal heat sink assembly comprises the dissipation surface comprising a plurality of folded fins. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: attaching the power electronics of the UAV to a mounting pad of the bottom foam airframe core such that the power electronics are disposed between the bottom foam airframe core and the top foam airframe core; and thermally coupling the first side of the metal heat sink assembly to the power electronics of the UAV. ### Claim 12 An airframe assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the airframe assembly comprising: a top airframe assembly comprising a top foam airframe core at least partially enclosed within a top airframe shell; and a bottom airframe assembly comprising a bottom foam airframe core at least partially enclosed within a bottom airframe shell and coupled to the top airframe assembly, wherein: the top and bottom foam airframe cores form one or more rotor ducts; each rotor duct comprises an inlet and a diffusor outlet shaped to increase a thrust efficiency of a propulsion system for the UAV; the top airframe assembly comprises a metal heat sink assembly overmolded by the top foam airframe core; and the metal heat sink assembly is configured to cool at least power electronics of the UAV disposed between the bottom foam airframe core and the top foam airframe core. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The airframe assembly of claim 12, wherein: the metal heat sink assembly comprises a central portion and a leg portion extending between two adjacent rotor ducts; and the central portion of the metal heat sink assembly and the leg portion of the metal heat sink assembly are configured to cool different electronic elements of the UAV. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The airframe assembly of claim 12, wherein: the metal heat sink assembly comprises a central portion and at least one leg portion; each leg portion extends between adjacent rotor ducts; and the central portion of the metal heat sink assembly and each leg portion of the metal heat sink assembly are configured to cool different electronic elements of the UAV. ### Claim 15 A method for assembling an airframe assembly for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the method comprising: overmolding a top airframe shell with a top foam airframe core to form a top airframe assembly such that the top foam airframe core is at least partially enclosed within the top airframe shell; overmolding a bottom airframe shell with a bottom foam airframe core to form a bottom airframe assembly such that the bottom foam airframe core is at least partially enclosed within the bottom airframe shell; overmolding a metal heat sink assembly with the top foam airframe core such that a first side of the metal heat sink assembly faces the bottom foam airframe core and a second side of the metal heat sink assembly faces an inner surface of the top airframe shell, wherein the second side of the metal heat sink assembly comprises a dissipation surface comprising a plurality of folded fins; and attaching the top airframe assembly to the bottom airframe assembly, wherein: the top and bottom foam airframe cores form one or more rotor ducts; and each rotor duct comprises an inlet and a diffusor outlet shaped to increase a thrust efficiency of a propulsion system for the UAV. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, wherein: the attaching the top airframe assembly to the bottom airframe assembly comprises physically coupling the top airframe assembly to the bottom airframe assembly using a planar support frame disposed between the top and bottom foam airframe cores; the planar support frame comprises one or more UAV propulsion motor mounts each configured to provide a mechanical linkage between the airframe assembly and a corresponding UAV propulsion motor; the one or more rotor ducts are disposed about the one or more UAV propulsion motor mounts, respectively; and the one or more rotor ducts are configured to protect rotating rotors disposed therein from physical damage caused by impact with environmental flight hazards. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: attaching power electronics of the UAV to a mounting pad of the bottom foam airframe core such that the power electronics are disposed between the bottom foam airframe core and the top foam airframe core; and thermally coupling the first side of the metal heat sink assembly overmolded with the top foam airframe core to the power electronics of the UAV. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: vacuum forming the top airframe shell and the bottom airframe shell from polycarbonate, wherein the top airframe assembly and the bottom airframe assembly form foam-polycarbonate composite components, wherein: the one or more rotor ducts are a plurality of rotor ducts; the top airframe shell is more rigid than the top foam airframe core; the bottom airframe shell is more rigid than the bottom foam airframe core; the top and bottom airframe shells are configured to protect against mechanical intrusions and abrasions during flight operation of the UAV; and the top and bottom foam airframe cores are configured to consume impact energy and provide vibration dampening for internal components of the UAV.