# US 11,999,116 B2 · Composite forming apparatus, system and method

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- Number: US 11,999,116 B2
- Document ID: US11999116B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/461,238
- Filed: 2021-08-30
- Published: 2023-03-02
- Granted: 2024-06-04
- Earliest claimed: 2021-08-30
- Assignees: The Boeing Company
- Applicants: The Boeing Company
- Inventors: Kurtis S. Willden; Brian G. Robins; Steven M. Shewchuk; Brice A. Johnson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11999116B2

## CPC

- B29C 70/345: {using matched moulds}
- B29C 70/44: using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
- B29C 35/0805: {using electromagnetic radiation}
- B29C 70/342: {using isostatic pressure}
- B29C 70/38: Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns {(application heads for tyres B29D30/28)}
- B29C 70/42: for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C 70/54: Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations {, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing}
- B29C 70/541: {Positioning reinforcements in a mould, e.g. using clamping means for the reinforcement (positioning inserts in moulds B29C33/12; lay-up on a mould B29C70/30)}
- B29C 70/543: {Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding (for non-woven fabrics D04H3/08)}
- B29C 70/56: Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping
- B29D 99/0003: {Producing profiled members, e.g. beams}
- B29C 70/30: Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C 2035/0811: {using induction}
- B29C 2035/0822: {using IR radiation}
- B29C 2035/0838: {using laser}
- B29C 2043/3649: {Inflatable bladders using gas or fluid and related details}
- B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00)
- B29D: PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE (making granules B29B9/00; making preforms B29B11/00)

## Abstract

A composite forming apparatus includes an end effector, a forming feature, and a non-contact heater. The forming feature is coupled to the end effector. The end effector moves the forming feature relative to a composite ply to form the composite ply over a forming tool or a prior formed composite ply. The non-contact heater heats to a portion of the composite ply before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A composite forming apparatus comprising:
an end effector;
a forming feature that is coupled to the end effector, wherein the end effector moves the forming feature relative to a composite ply to form the composite ply over a forming tool or a prior formed composite ply;
a first arm;
a first non-contact heating element that is coupled to the first arm, wherein the first arm positions the first non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature along a forming direction, such that the first non-contact heating element indirectly heats a local portion of the composite ply from a first heating direction before the local portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
a second arm;
a second non-contact heating element that is coupled to the second arm, wherein the second arm positions the second non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature along the forming direction, wherein the second non-contact heating element indirectly heats the local portion of the composite ply from a second heating direction, which is opposite the first heating direction, before the local portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature and
a control unit configured to:
control the first arm to position the first non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature and move the first non-contact heating element along the forming direction relative to a first ply surface of the composite ply; and
control the second arm to position the second non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature and move the second non-contact heating element along the forming direction relative to a second ply surface of the composite ply, opposite the first ply surface the composite ply.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first arm independently moves the first non-contact heating element relative to the forming feature and the composite ply to locally heat the portion of the composite ply directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element are positioned relative to the forming feature to heat the portion of the composite ply to a forming temperature of between approximately 310° F. and approximately 330° F.; and
the forming feature is moved relative to the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element to form the portion of the composite ply over a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply while the portion of the composite ply is maintained at the forming temperature by the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element is a radiant heater.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element is a convection heater.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first arm positions the first non-contact heating element to heat the first ply surface of the portion of the composite ply ahead of the forming feature before the portion of the composite ply is formed over a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the second arm positions the second non-contact heating element to heat the second ply surface of the portion of the composite ply, opposite the first ply surface of the portion of the composite ply, ahead of the forming feature before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the first ply surface of the composite ply faces away from the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply;
the forming feature contacts the first ply surface of the composite ply; and
the second ply surface of the composite ply faces the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second non-contact heating element is positioned to heat the forming surface of the prior formed composite ply ahead of the forming feature before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a ply support member that supports the composite ply while the composite ply is formed over a forming surface, wherein the ply support member is movable relative to the forming tool and relative to the end effector forming feature.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 8, wherein:
the first arm is coupled to the end effector; and
the second arm is coupled to the ply support member.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the composite ply.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 10,
wherein the control unit selectively controls the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element based on at least one of a temperature signal provided by the temperature sensor, an amperage supplied to the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element, and a heat output from the first non-contact heater heating element and the second non-contact heating element.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1,
further comprising a platform that moves the end effector such that the first arm and the first non-contact heating element move with the forming feature relative to the composite ply.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second arm independently moves the second non-contact heating element relative to the forming feature and the composite ply to locally heat the portion of the composite ply directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The composite forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the end effector comprises an actuator that selectively moves the forming feature into contact with the composite ply.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

A composite forming system comprising:
a platform;
the composite forming apparatus of claim 1 that is coupled to the platform; and
a forming tool or a prior formed composite ply that comprises a forming surface,
wherein:
the platform selectively positions the composite forming apparatus relative to the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply; and
the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element locally heat the portion of the composite ply via at least one of radiation and convection before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply using the forming feature.

### Claim 16

A composite forming system comprising:
an end effector;
a forming feature that is coupled to the end effector;
a first arm that is coupled to the end effector;
a first non-contact heating element that is coupled to the first arm;
a ply support member;
a second arm that is coupled to the ply support member;
a second non-contact heating element that is coupled to the second arm; and
a control unit in communication with the first arm and the second arm,
wherein:
the end effector selectively moves the forming feature relative to the composite ply and a forming tool to form a first portion of the composite ply over a portion of the forming tool or a prior formed composite ply and to compact the first portion of the composite ply against a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply;
the ply support member selectively moves relative to the forming feature, the composite ply, and the forming tool to support a second portion of the composite ply downstream of the first portion of the composite ply;
the control unit is configured to control the first arm to selectively position the first non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature along a forming direction and independent of and relative to the forming feature and the first portion of the composite ply;
the control unit is configured to control the first arm to move the first non-contact heating element along the forming direction to locally heat the first portion of the composite ply from a first heating direction via at least one of radiation and convection before the first portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the control unit is configured to control the second arm to selectively position the second non-contact heating element ahead of the forming feature along the forming direction and independent of and relative to the forming feature, the first portion of the composite ply, and the first non-contact heating element; and
the control unit is configured to control the second arm to move the second non-contact heating element along the forming direction to locally heat the first portion of the composite ply from a second heating direction, opposite the first heating direction, via at least one of radiation and convection before the first portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The composite forming system of claim 16, wherein:
the control unit is configured to control the first arm to position the first non-contact heating element to locally heat a first ply surface of the first portion of the composite ply before the first portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the control unit is configured to control the second arm to position the second non-contact heating element to locally heat a second ply surface of the first portion of the composite ply, opposite the first ply surface of the first portion of the composite ply, before the first portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the first ply surface of the composite ply faces away from the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply;
the forming feature contacts the first ply surface of the composite ply; and
the second ply surface of the composite ply faces the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The composite forming system of claim 16, further comprising a platform, wherein:
the end effector is coupled to the platform;
the ply support member is coupled to the platform;
the control unit is in communication with the platform;
the control unit is configured to control the platform to selectively move the end effector relative to the composite ply to form the first portion of the composite ply over and compact the first portion of the composite ply against the forming surface of the portion of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply using the forming feature; and
the control unit is configured to control the platform to selectively move the ply support member relative to the composite ply to support the second portion of the composite ply.

### Claim 19

A method for fabricating a composite structure, the method comprising steps of:
placing a composite ply over a forming tool or over a prior formed composite ply;
selectively controlling a first arm using a controller to position a first non-contact heating element independent of and ahead of a forming feature of an end effector along a forming direction and relative to the composite ply;
selectively controlling a second arm using the controller to position a second non-contact heating element independent of and ahead of the forming feature along the forming direction and relative to the composite ply;
locally heating a portion of the composite ply from a first heating direction via at least one of radiation and convection using the first non-contact heating element;
locally heating the portion of the composite ply from a second heating direction, opposite the first heating direction, via at least one of radiation and convection using the second non-contact heating element;
positioning the forming feature in contact with the composite ply using the end effector; and
forming the portion of the composite ply over the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply using the forming feature after heating the portion of the composite ply using the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, further comprising controlling the first arm and the second arm using the controller to position the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element relative to the composite ply ahead of the forming feature such that the portion of the composite ply is locally heated directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over at least a portion of a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein:
the step of locally heating the portion of the composite ply comprises heating a first ply surface of the portion of the composite ply ahead of the forming feature using the first non-contact heating element directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature;
the first ply surface of the composite ply faces away from the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply; and
the forming feature contacts the first ply surface of the composite ply.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein:
the step of locally heating the portion of the composite ply further comprises heating a second ply surface of the portion of the composite ply, opposite the first ply surface of the portion of the composite ply, ahead of the forming feature using the second non-contact heating element directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature; and
the second ply surface of the composite ply faces the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The method of claim 22, further comprising heating the forming surface of the prior formed composite ply ahead of the forming feature using the second non-contact heating element directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the prior formed composite ply by the forming feature.

### Claim 24

A method for forming a composite structure, the method comprising steps of:
placing a composite ply over a forming tool or over a prior formed composite ply;
selectively controlling a first arm using a controller to position a first non-contact heating element independent of and ahead of a forming feature of an end effector along a forming direction and relative to the composite ply;
selectively controlling a second arm using the controller to position a second non-contact heating element independent of and ahead of the forming feature of the end effector along the forming direction and relative to the composite ply using an arm using a second arm;
locally heating a portion of the composite ply from a first heating direction via at least one of radiation and convection using the first non-contact heating element;
locally heating the portion of the composite ply from a second heating direction, opposite the first heating direction, via at least one of radiation and convection using the second non-contact heating element
compressing the portion of the composite ply against a forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply using the forming feature; and
forming the portion of the composite ply over at least a portion of the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply using the forming feature after locally heating the portion of the composite ply using the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element,
wherein the portion of the composite ply is heated by the first non-contact heating element and the second non-contact heating element directly ahead of forming by the forming feature.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The method of claim 24, wherein:
the steps of locally heating the portion of the composite ply comprises:
heating a first ply surface of the portion of the composite ply using the first non-contact heating element directly before and while the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply; and
heating a second ply surface of the portion of the composite ply, opposite the first ply surface, using the second non-contact heating element directly before the portion of the composite ply is formed over the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply;
the first ply surface of the composite ply faces away from the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply; and
the second ply surface of the composite ply faces the forming surface of the forming tool or the prior formed composite ply.