# US 11,998,953 B2 · Recovery of higher volume and higher quality recyclables from a mixed stream > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,998,953 B2 - Document ID: US11998953B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/981,319 - Filed: 2022-11-04 - Published: 2023-05-11 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2021-11-05 - Assignees: Republic Services Intellectual Property Holdings, Inc. - Applicants: Republic Services Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC - Inventors: Prabhu Soun Dar Rajan; John Joseph Riconosciuto; Peter J. Keller; David Call; Zhenni Niu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11998953B2 ## CPC - B07C 5/342: according to optical properties, e.g. colour {(according to radiation transmittivity B07C5/3416)} - B07C 5/38: Collecting or arranging articles in groups - B07C 5/02: Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating {(sorting and transport of caps B67B3/06)} - B07C 2501/0045: Return vending of articles, e.g. bottles - B07C 2501/0054: Sorting of waste or refuse - Y02W 30/62: Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling - B07C: POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING (specially adapted for a specific purpose covered by another class, see the relevant place, e.g. A43D33/06, B23Q7/12) - Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT ## Abstract An automated process for separating and recycling a broad mix of waste material including, but not limited to, paper and flexible plastics. A materials recovery facility (MRF) collects, presorts, and separates into individual commodities the material, then separates partially processed 2D blends from 3D containers, while refraining from any quality control of the 2D blends, and bales the 2D blends. A fiber center receives the bales from the MRF, aggregates the partially processed 2D blends, removes recyclable commodities including flexible plastics from the 2D blends, aggregates each recyclable commodity that is removed from the 2D blends, and forms separate commodity streams of clean paper and clean flexible plastics. Also provided are a related fiber center (and an infrastructure including the center) and at least one computer-readable non-transitory storage medium embodying software for performing the process. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An automated process for separating and recycling a broad mix of waste material including, paper and flexible plastics, the process comprising: collecting the broad mix of waste material at a materials recovery facility; presorting the broad mix of waste material and separating at the materials recovery facility the broad mix of waste material into individual commodities comprising partially processed 2D blends and 3D containers; separating at the materials recovery facility the partially processed 2D blends from the 3D containers without conducting any quality control of the partially processed 2D blends; baling at the materials recovery facility the partially processed 2D blends to form bales of the partially processed 2D blends; receiving the bales from the materials recovery facility and aggregating at a fiber center the partially processed 2D blends; removing recyclable commodities, including flexible plastics, from the 2D blends at the fiber center; and aggregating each recyclable commodity that is removed from the 2D blends and forming separate commodity streams of clean paper and clean flexible plastics for sale by the fiber center, wherein separate streams of clean recycled paper having a purity of at least about 98% and clean recycled flexible plastics are created. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the broad mix of waste material that is collected includes one or more of a residential single stream, industrial waste, and commercial waste. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the individual commodities include one or more of paper, plastic, metal, cardboard, and glass. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating uses one or a combination of magnets, eddy current separators, optical sorters, and air separation devices. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating results in (a) a stream of partially processed 2D blends that includes a majority of 2D recyclables and a minority of 3D containers, and (b) a stream of 3D containers that includes a majority of 3D containers and a minority of 2D recyclables. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the step of baling includes creating bales of finished recyclables. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The automated process according to claim 6 further comprising the step of dressing the bales of finished recyclables based on feedback received from a customer to improve their cosmetic appearance before shipment of the bales to the customer. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the fiber center uses one or more of optical sorters, robotics, artificial intelligence/machine learning, ballistic separators, air knives, and disc screens. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 wherein the recyclable commodities removed from the 2D blends at the fiber center further include PET containers, aluminum, carboard, tin, steel, LDPE film, HDPE film, HDPE containers, PP film, PP containers, SRPN, and mixed paper. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of selling the separate streams of clean recycled paper and clean recycled flexible plastics. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The automated process according to claim 1 further comprising the step of sending the separate streams of clean recycled paper and clean recycled flexible plastics to one or more recyclers resulting in both waste collection credits and waste recycling credits under a certified standard. ### Claim 12 A hub and spoke infrastructure for separating and recycling a broad mix of waste material including paper and flexible plastics, the infrastructure comprising: a plurality of materials recovery facilities collecting a first portion of the broad mix of waste material and creating a first partially processed 2D blends without conducting any quality control of the first partially processed 2D blends; a number of recycling facility/transfer stations collecting a second portion of the broad mix of waste material and creating a second partially processed 2D blends without conducting any quality control of the second partially processed 2D blends, and receiving from at least one materials recovery facility the first partially processed 2D blends created by the at least one materials recovery facility; and multiple fiber centers, each fiber center collecting the first partially processed 2D blends from one or more of the plurality of materials recovery facilities, the second partially processed 2D blends from one or more of the recycling facility/transfer stations, or both the first partially processed 2D blends and the second partially processed 2D blends from both one or more of the plurality of materials recovery facilities and one or more of the recycling facility/transfer stations and each fiber center being configured to aggregate the first and second partially processed 2D blends, remove recyclable commodities including flexible plastics from the partially processed 2D blends, and aggregate each recyclable commodity that is removed from the first and second partially processed 2D blends and form separate commodity streams of clean paper and clean flexible plastics for sale by the fiber center, wherein each of the multiple fiber centers is located geographically in relative proximity to the one or more materials recovery facilities, to the one or more recycling facility/transfer stations, or to both the one or more materials recovery facilities and the one or more recycling facility/transfer stations from which the fiber center collects the partially processed 2D blends. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the plurality of materials recovery facilities and the number of recycling facility/transfer stations constitute spokes and the multiple fiber centers constitute hubs. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein one or both of the plurality of materials recovery facilities and the number of recycling facility/transfer stations include one or a combination of magnets, eddy current separators, optical sorters, and air separation devices which are used to create the partially processed 2D blends. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the partially processed 2D blends include a majority of 2D recyclables and a minority of 3D containers. ### Claim 16 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the multiple fiber centers use one or more of optical sorters, robotics, artificial intelligence/machine learning, ballistic separators, air knives, and disc screens. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the recyclable commodities removed from the partially processed 2D blends at the fiber centers further include PET containers, aluminum, carboard, tin, steel, LDPE film, HDPE film, HDPE containers, PP film, PP containers, SRPN, and mixed paper. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the separate commodity stream of clean paper has a purity of at least about 98%. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The hub and spoke infrastructure according to claim 12 wherein the separate commodity streams of clean paper and clean flexible plastics can be sent to one or more recyclers resulting in both waste collection credits and waste recycling credits under a certified standard. ### Claim 20 One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to: collect a broad mix of waste material including paper and flexible plastics at a materials recovery facility; presort the broad mix of waste material and separate at the materials recovery facility the broad mix of waste material into individual commodities; separate at the materials recovery facility the partially processed 2D blends from the 3D containers without conducting any quality control of the 2D blends; bale at the materials recovery facility the partially processed 2D blends to form bales of the partially processed 2D blends; receive the bales from the materials recovery facility and aggregate at a fiber center the partially processed 2D blends; remove recyclable commodities, including flexible plastics, from the partially processed 2D blends at the fiber center; and aggregate each recyclable commodity that is removed from the partially processed 2D blends and form separate commodity streams of clean paper and clean flexible plastics for sale by the fiber center, wherein separate streams of clean recycled paper having a purity of at least about 98% and clean recycled flexible plastics are created.