# US 11,998,860 B2 · Geothermal heat retainment system and method for direct use in spray evaporation of water > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,998,860 B2 - Document ID: US11998860B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/461,936 - Filed: 2021-08-30 - Published: 2021-12-23 - Granted: 2024-06-04 - Earliest claimed: 2015-06-10 - Assignees: Energy Water Solutions, LLC - Applicants: Energy Water Solutions, LLC - Inventors: Stephen M. Shiner; Chuck Hanebuth; Colin A. Lindsey; Paul Thomas - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11998860B2 ## CPC - B01D 1/14: with heated gases or vapours {or liquids} in contact with the liquid - B01D 1/0082: {Regulation; Control} - B01D 1/20: Sprayers (in general B05B) - B01D 1/305: {Demister (vapour-liquid separation)} - B01D 19/04: by addition of chemical substances - B05B 1/26: with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets - C02F 1/008: {Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F} - C02F 1/042: {Prevention of deposits} - C02F 1/048: {Purification of waste water by evaporation} - C02F 1/12: Spray evaporation - C02F 1/50: by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment {(C02F1/4606, C02F1/467, C02F1/76 take precedence)} - C02F 1/66: by neutralisation; pH adjustment (for degassing C02F1/20; using ion-exchange C02F1/42; for flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities C02F1/52; for removing dissolved compounds C02F1/58) - C02F 5/08: Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents - C02F 1/20: by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases (degasification of liquids in general B01D19/00; arrangement of degassing apparatus in boiler feed supply F22D) - C02F 1/76: with halogens or compounds of halogens {(C02F1/4674 takes precedence)} - C02F 1/78: with ozone {(C02F1/4672 takes precedence)} - C02F 2101/322: {Volatile compounds, e.g. benzene} - C02F 2201/005: Valves - C02F 2201/008: Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle - C02F 2209/005: Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] - C02F 2209/006: comprising a software program or a logic diagram - C02F 2209/008: comprising telecommunication features, e.g. modems or antennas - C02F 2209/02: Temperature - C02F 2209/03: Pressure - C02F 2209/05: Conductivity or salinity - C02F 2209/06: pH - C02F 2209/38: Gas flow rate - C02F 2209/40: Liquid flow rate - C02F 2209/42: Liquid level - C02F 2303/04: Disinfection - C02F 2303/12: Prevention of foaming - C02F 2303/22: Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention (C02F1/042, C02F1/4602, C02F5/00 take precedence) - C02F 2303/26: Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles - E21B 41/005: {Waste disposal systems} - E21B 43/34: Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well - Y02E 10/10: Geothermal energy - Y02W 10/37: using solar energy - B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28) - B05B: SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES (spray-mixers with nozzles B01F25/72; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces by spraying B05D) - C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes) - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02W: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT ## Abstract A produced water evaporation system for spray evaporating water comprising a geothermal heat retainment system and an evaporation system is disclosed. The geothermal heat retainment system comprises a first feed inlet, an optional solar collection system or a heat exchanger, and a first discharge outlet. The evaporation system comprises a second feed inlet, a pump, a drip manifold comprising a drip orifice or a manifold comprising a nozzle, a container, wherein a first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water and wherein a second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container, a second discharge outlet, and an air system comprising an air blower and an optional air preheater, wherein the air system is disposed through the wall of the container and wherein the air system discharges air flow counter to the produced water and/or water droplets from the drip orifice. A method of using the produced water evaporation system is also disclosed. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A produced water evaporation system for spray evaporating water comprising: a. a geothermal heat retainment system having: i. a first feed inlet; and ii. a first discharge outlet; and iii. a first feed tank having a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is fluidly connected to the first inlet to the first feed tank; iv. a first feed pump having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the first feed tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the first feed pump and wherein the outlet to the first feed pump is fluidly connected to the first discharge outlet; v. a second recirculation pump having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the first feed tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the second recirculation pump; b. an evaporation system having: i. a second feed inlet, wherein the first discharge outlet is fluidly connected to the second feed inlet; ii. a pump, wherein an outlet of the second feed inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump and wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of a manifold; iii. a drip manifold comprising a drip orifice, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the drip manifold; iv. a container, wherein a first portion of a ceiling of the container is constituted by a demister element such that the first portion of the ceiling is entirely configured as an outlet for evaporated water and wherein a second portion of the ceiling is adjacent to an upper edge of a wall of the container; v. a packing system and/or a tray system disposed within the container, wherein the drip orifice discharges produced water and/or water droplets onto the packing system and/or tray system; vi. a second discharge outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the second discharge outlet; and vii. an air system comprising an air blower and an optional air preheater; wherein the air system is disposed through the wall of the container and wherein the air system discharges air flow counter to the produced water and/or water droplets from the drip orifice, wherein the air blower produces an air flow rate from about 2,500 CFM to about 20,000 CFM. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system further comprises: a solar collection system having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the second recirculation pump is fluidly connected to the inlet to the solar collection system and wherein the outlet to the solar collection system is fluidly connected to the second inlet to the first feed tank. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system further comprises: a. a first flow valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is fluidly connected to the inlet to the first flow valve and wherein the outlet to the first flow valve is fluidly connected to the first inlet to the first feed tank; b. a second flow valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is fluidly connected to the inlet to the second flow valve and wherein the outlet to the second flow valve is fluidly connected to an inlet to a second produced water tank; c. an optional first shut off valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the first feed tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the optional first shut off valve and wherein the outlet to the optional first shut off valve is fluidly connected to the first discharge outlet; d. an optional second shut off valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the first feed tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the optional second shut off valve and wherein the outlet to the optional second shut off valve is fluidly connected to the inlet to the solar collection system; and e. a third flow valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein an outlet to the second produced water tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the third flow valve and wherein the outlet to the third flow valve is fluidly connected to the first discharge outlet. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein the solar collection system comprises: a. a plurality of solar arrays to absorb solar energy; and b. a central manifold having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet to the solar collection system is fluidly connect to the inlet to the central manifold and wherein the outlet to the central manifold is fluidly connected to the outlet to the solar collection system; wherein the plurality of solar arrays heat the central manifold. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system further comprises: a. the first feed tank having: i. a blowdown tank having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is fluidly connected to the inlet to the blowdown tank; and ii. a hot well tank having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the blowdown tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the hot well tank; b. the first feed pump having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the hot well tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the first feed pump; and c. a heat exchanger having a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the outlet to the first feed pump is fluidly connected to the first inlet to the heat exchanger and wherein the first outlet to the heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the first discharge outlet. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system further comprises: a. a throttling valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is fluidly connected to the inlet to the throttling valve; b. a first flow valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the throttling valve is fluidly connected to the inlet to the first flow valve; c. a second flow valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the throttling valve is fluidly connected to the inlet to the second flow valve and wherein the outlet to the second flow valve is fluidly connected to an inlet to a produced water tank; and d. the second recirculation pump having an inlet and an outlet, wherein an outlet to the produced water tank is fluidly connected to the inlet to the second recirculation pump and the outlet to the second recirculation pump is fluidly connected to a second inlet to the heat exchanger and wherein a second outlet to the heat exchanger is fluidly connected to the first discharge outlet. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system further comprises: a. a pressure reducing valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to a first flow control valve is fluidly connected to the inlet to the pressure reducing valve; and b. an optional third flow control valve having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet to the pressure reducing valve is fluidly connected to the inlet of the optional third flow control valve and wherein the outlet to the optional third flow control valve is fluidly connected to the inlet to the blowdown tank. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger is selected from the group consisting of a shell and tube heat exchanger, a double pipe heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, and any combination thereof. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger. ### Claim 10 (depends on 5) The system of claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger is a double pipe heat exchanger. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the evaporation system further comprises: a. a first valve, wherein the second feed inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the first valve and an outlet of the first valve is fluidly connected to the inlet of the pump; b. a second valve, wherein the outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of the second valve and wherein an outlet of the second valve is fluidly connected to the inlet of the manifold; c. a third valve, wherein the bottom of the container is fluidly connected to an inlet of the third valve and wherein an outlet of the third valve is fluidly connected to the inlet of the pump; and d. a fourth valve, wherein the outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of the fourth valve and wherein an outlet of the fourth valve is fluidly connected to the second discharge outlet. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the evaporation system is capable of evaporating between about 30 barrels and about 1000 barrels of produced water per day. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the demister element is from about 4-inches to about 12-inches thick. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the demister element is about 10-inches thick. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the demister element is a crossflow cellular drift eliminator. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater comprises a natural gas burner. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater comprises a natural gas burner, wherein the natural gas burner is adapted to be moved relative to the packing system. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater comprises a natural gas burner and a natural gas powered electric generator. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater comprises a natural gas burner and a natural gas control valve and wherein the natural gas control valve is capable of providing fixed flow or modulated flow. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein air flow from the air blower disperses water droplets from the drip orifice. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the air blower produces an air flow rate of about 3,500 CFM. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein an air flow inlet of the optional air preheater is fluidly connected to an air flow outlet of the air blower. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater produces an air heating rate from about 0 million BTU per hour to about 15 million BTU per hour. ### Claim 24 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optional air preheater produces air temperatures from about 50° F. to about 600° F. ### Claim 25 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the air system is disposed through the wall of the container upstream of the demister element. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the air system is disposed through the wall of the container downstream of the demister element. ### Claim 27 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a deflector or a diffuser, wherein the deflector or diffuser is disposed within the container to redirect air flow in the container. ### Claim 28 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a vane, wherein the vane is disposed within the container to redirect the air flow in the container. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The system of claim 28, wherein the vane extends across a cross-section of the container. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a vane, wherein the vane is disposed in an air duct between an air discharge outlet of the air system and an air inlet to the container. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a first programmable logic controller (PLC) or other computing device for the geothermal heat retainment system, wherein the first PLC or other computing device controls the first feed pump and/or the second recirculation pump. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a second programmable logic controller (PLC) or other computing device for the evaporation system, wherein the PLC or other computing device controls the air flow rate from the air blower. ### Claim 33 (depends on 1) A method for spray evaporating produced water comprising: a. using the produced water evaporation system of claim 1; b. selecting predetermined parameters for the geothermal heat retainment system; c. drawing produced water into the geothermal heat retainment system from a produced water source using the first feed pump and/or the second recirculation pump; and d. diverting the produced water to the first discharge outlet and/or to an optional solar collection system or a heat exchanger to heat the produced water. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33 further comprising: e. selecting predetermined parameters for the evaporation system for spray evaporating water; f. drawing the produced water into the evaporation system from the first discharge outlet using the pump; g. diverting the produced water to the drip orifice; h. flowing the produced water through the drip orifice to create water droplets; i. flowing the water droplets onto the packing system and/or the tray system disposed within the container of the evaporation system; j. blowing air into the container counter to the water droplets from the drip orifice using the air blower; k. collecting condensed produced water in the bottom of the container; l. Recycling the condensed produced water from the bottom of the container, and m. diverting concentrated produced water to the second discharge outlet. ### Claim 35 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, further comprising monitoring a temperature of the first feed tank using a temperature sensor, wherein the predetermined parameters further comprises a minimum water temperature. ### Claim 36 (depends on 35) The method of claim 35, wherein the produced water is diverted to the solar collection system or the heat exchanger when the water temperature reaches the minimum water temperature. ### Claim 37 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, further comprising monitoring a water level of the first feed tank using a limit switch, wherein the predetermined parameters further comprise a minimum water level and a maximum water level. ### Claim 38 (depends on 37) The method of claim 37, wherein the geothermal heat retainment system is shut down when the water level reaches the maximum water level. ### Claim 39 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34, further comprising monitoring conductivity of the condensed produced water using a conductivity meter. ### Claim 40 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the predetermined parameters comprise a water flow rate. ### Claim 41 (depends on 40) The method of claim 40, further comprising monitoring a water temperature using a temperature sensor, wherein the predetermined parameters further comprise a minimum water temperature. ### Claim 42 (depends on 41) The method of claim 41, wherein the evaporation system is shut down when the ambient air temperature reaches the minimum air temperature. ### Claim 43 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, further comprising using a programmable logic controller or other computing device to control and/or monitor the geothermal heat retainment system and/or the evaporation system. ### Claim 44 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the evaporation system is capable of evaporating from about 30 to about 1000 barrels of produced water per day. ### Claim 45 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the pump produces a water flow rate into the evaporation system from about 15 GPM to about 250 GPM. ### Claim 46 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the demister element is about 4-inches to about 12-inches thick. ### Claim 47 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the demister element is about 10-inches thick. ### Claim 48 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the demister element is a crossflow cellular drift eliminator. ### Claim 49 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the air blower produces an air flow rate from about 2,500 CFM to about 30,000 CFM. ### Claim 50 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein an air flow inlet of the optional air preheater is fluidly connected to an air flow outlet of the air blower. ### Claim 51 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the optional air preheater produces an air heating rate from about 0 million BTU per hour to about 15 million BTU per hour. ### Claim 52 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the optional air preheater produces air temperatures from about 50° F. to about 600° F. ### Claim 53 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, further comprising pretreating the produced water to reduce or remove volatile organic compounds upstream of the second feed inlet of the evaporation system. ### Claim 54 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, further comprising discharging evaporated water through the outlet for evaporated water.