Secondary zinc-manganese dioxide batteries for high power applications

A non-flow secondary Zn—MnO2 battery comprising:

• a battery housing;
• a MnO2 cathode, wherein a MnO2 cathode mixture comprises MnO2 in an amount of from 45 wt. % to 80 wt. %;
• a Zn anode;
• an electrode separator membrane disposed between the MnO2 cathode and the Zn anode;
• and
• an electrolyte solution,
• wherein the MnO2 cathode, the Zn anode, and the electrolyte solution are disposed within the battery housing,
• wherein the MnO2 cathode comprises a MnO2 cathode mixture and a current collector,
• wherein the MnO2 cathode mixture is in electrical contact with at least a portion of an outer surface of the current collector,
• wherein the MnO2 cathode has a porosity of from 5 vol. % to 90 vol. %, based on the total volume of the MnO2 cathode mixture of the MnO2 cathode, and
• wherein an amount of inert material in the MnO2 cathode and the Zn anode, a thickness of the electrode separator membrane, a binder in the MnO2 cathode or the Zn anode, a placement of a current collector tab on the current collector for the MnO2 cathode, and a size and shape of the MnO2 cathode and the Zn anode are configured to provide a current density during the discharging of greater than 180 mA/cm2, wherein the current density of the non-flow secondary Zn—MnO2 battery is an amount of current that passes through the non-flow secondary Zn—MnO2 battery per a total unit surface area of the MnO2 cathode and a non-flow cell Zn anode.