# US 11,994,436 B2 · Non-contact methods of rail assessment for a railroad track > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,994,436 B2 - Document ID: US11994436B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/051,225 - Filed: 2019-04-08 - Published: 2021-05-06 - Granted: 2024-05-28 - Earliest claimed: 2018-04-30 - Assignees: University of South Carolina - Applicants: University of South Carolina - Inventors: Dimitrios Rizos - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11994436B2 ## CPC - G01L 1/24: by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis {using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet} - G01M 5/0058: {of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways} - B61L 23/045: {Rail wear} - G01M 5/0025: {of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways (G01M5/0058 takes precedence)} - G01M 5/0091: {by using electromagnetic excitation or detection} - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) - G01M: TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - B61L: GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC (brakes or auxiliary equipment B61H, B61K; point or crossing construction E01B) ## Abstract Methods of non-destructive rail analysis and evaluation for railroad tracks are provided. The methods can include capturing images of rails over time and at various temperatures. High-contrast patterns can be applied to or associated with a rail to facilitate image analysis. Rail neutral temperature (RNT), stress, strain, and curvature of the track can be determined using image correlation and regression analysis. A stereovision system may be used for rail neutral temperature measurements and for determining effects of a heating method. A non-contacting, nondestructive methodology for RNT and longitudinal rail stress measurements is based on stereo vision image acquisition and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for acquiring the full field shape, deformation, and strain measurements taken during a thermal cycle. The thermal cycle can be natural or induced. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of rail evaluation, comprising: using at least one camera for capturing rail camera images at two or more temperatures, with the rail camera images captured relative to at least one fixed physical reference comprising a rail anchor; analyzing the rail camera images including determining changes in at least portions of the rail relative to the fixed physical reference and determining a rail neutral temperature (RNT); and periodically repeating said capturing and analyzing steps consecutively and estimating changes over time in rail neutral temperature (RNT) of a railroad track being monitored. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein the rail camera images include rail web images. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein the rail camera images include rail profile images. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein the rail camera images are captured between rail anchors. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein the rail camera images are captured at rail anchor points. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, further comprising associating a pattern with the rail, and imaging such pattern. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of rail evaluation of claim 6, wherein the pattern includes a dot pattern. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of rail evaluation of claim 7, wherein the pattern includes an ordered matrix of dots. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The method of rail evaluation of claim 7, wherein the pattern includes a random collection of dots. ### Claim 10 (depends on 7) The method of rail evaluation of claim 7, wherein the pattern includes dots having an average diameter of at least 0.1 mm. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The method of rail evaluation of claim 7, wherein the pattern includes dots having an average diameter of from 1 mm to 10 mm. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The method of rail evaluation of claim 6, wherein the pattern includes a striped pattern. ### Claim 13 (depends on 6) The method of rail evaluation of claim 6, wherein the striped pattern includes stripes having a width ranging from 0.1 to 2 mm. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of rail evaluation of claim 12, wherein the striped pattern includes stripes having a width ranging from 2 to 10 mm. ### Claim 15 (depends on 6) The method of rail evaluation of claim 6, wherein the pattern is at least in part one of stamped, painted, and engraved on the rail. ### Claim 16 (depends on 6) The method of rail evaluation of claim 6, wherein the pattern is at least in part applied using one of an adhesive and a projection. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein analyzing the rail camera images includes determining one or more of shape, curvature, strain, and deformation of the rail. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein analyzing the rail camera images includes determining one or more of shape, curvature, strain, and deformation of the rail for at least one of multiple different temperatures and at multiple points in time. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein the rail camera images include at least full thermal cycle. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, further comprising measuring at least one of rail temperature and ambient temperature at the time of capturing rail camera images. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, further comprising measuring rail temperature at at least two locations. ### Claim 22 (depends on 1) The method of rail evaluation of claim 1, wherein said capturing railway track images step comprises image acquisition from at least one of a stationary, mobile, and airborne platforms. ### Claim 23 A non-contact, reference-free method for estimating Rail Neutral Temperature (RNT) to estimate the temperature at which the rail of a railroad track is stress free, comprising: using at least one camera for periodically imaging shape and curvature of a railroad track at different times realtive to at least one fixed physical reference comprising a rail anchor while tracking thermal conditions thereat to determing full field deformations of the railroad track and strain thereof under varying thermal conditions; analyzing resulting data to determine a minimum strain condition and corresponding temperature, said analyzing including computing through regression analysis of the measurements change in curvature of the track rail at the location of the at least one fixed physical reference as a function of temperature, to determine a temperature that minimizes the function to thereby establish an estimate of the RNT; and periodically repeating said imaging and analyzing steps consecutively and estimating changes over time in RNT of a railroad track being monitored. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) A method as in claim 23, wherein said analyzing includes computing difference between the longitudinal and transverse strain at the rail web for each temperature, and establishing trend of the data through regression analysis, to determine the temperature at which the strain difference minimizes. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) A method as in claim 23, further including marking segments of a railroad track with a tracking pattern, to facilitate imaging thereof. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) A method as in claim 25, wherein said periodically imaging includes use of 3D vision and Digital Image Correlation (StereoDIC) techniques to enable multiple simultaneous measurements along with thermal field data throughout a track rail region being viewed.