# US 11,994,058 B2 · Ignition charge formation stabilization in gaseous fuel engine system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,994,058 B2 - Document ID: US11994058B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/673,517 - Filed: 2022-02-16 - Published: 2023-08-17 - Granted: 2024-05-28 - Earliest claimed: 2022-02-16 - Assignees: Caterpillar Inc. - Applicants: Caterpillar Inc. - Inventors: James Jay Cress - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11994058B2 ## CPC - F02B 19/12: with positive ignition (engines with non-timed positive ignition, and with incandescent chambers F02B9/08) - F02B 19/1019: {with only one pre-combustion chamber (F02B19/1004 take precedence)} - F02B 19/18: Transfer passages between chamber and cylinder - F02M 21/0209: {Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene} - F02M 21/0218: {Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers} - F02M 21/0275: {for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug} - Y02T 10/30: Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract Operating a gaseous fuel engine system includes urging a mixture containing a gaseous hydrogen fuel and air into a pocket in an igniter fluidly connected to a cylinder to form an ignition charge, and igniting the ignition charge via a flame kernel formed by energizing spark electrodes of the igniter. The method further includes igniting a main charge containing the gaseous hydrogen fuel via a flame jet of the ignition charge from the igniter. The pocket is shielded from the cylinder sufficiently to form within the pocket a flow field protecting the flame kernel, while fluidly connected to the cylinder sufficiently to clear the pocket of residual combustion gases. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of operating a gaseous fuel engine system comprising: reciprocating a piston in a cylinder in an engine between a bottom-dead-center position and a top-dead-center position; urging a mixture containing a gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel and air from the cylinder into a pocket in an igniter during a compression stroke of the piston to form an ignition charge within the pocket; opening a gaseous fuel admission valve to convey the gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel into the cylinder from a hydrogen fuel supply; igniting the ignition charge via a flame kernel formed by energizing spark electrodes of the igniter; igniting a main charge containing the gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel in the cylinder via a flame jet of the ignition charge from the igniter; shielding the pocket from the cylinder sufficiently to form within the pocket a flow field protecting the flame kernel from extinguishment; and fluidly connecting the pocket to the cylinder sufficiently to clear the pocket of residual combustion gases in advance of the forming of the ignition charge. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein: the shielding the pocket includes shielding the pocket with a shielding wall of the igniter partially enclosing the pocket; and the fluidly connecting the pocket to the cylinder includes fluidly connecting the pocket via at least one opening in the shielding wall. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2 wherein the shielding wall includes an unperforated base section extending circumferentially around a center axis, and a perforated or fully open end. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3 wherein the unperforated base section extends circumferentially around the pocket, and the igniter includes a perforated end that forms an axially directed flow path between the pocket and the cylinder. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 wherein a plurality of perforations are formed in the perforated end and each has a nominal size greater than 1.6 millimeters. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3 wherein the spark gap is located axially within the unperforated base section. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 wherein the unperforated base section extends axially outward of the spark gap to a terminal tip defining a cylinder opening. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7 wherein a pocket area is defined in a plane normal to the center axis and extending through the unperforated base section between the spark gap and the terminal tip, and the cylinder opening has an opening area greater than 25% of the pocket area. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8 wherein the opening area is greater than 50% of the pocket area. ### Claim 10 A method of stabilizing ignition charge formation in a gaseous fuel engine system comprising: producing a flame kernel within a pocket in an igniter in a gaseous fuel engine via a spark; shielding the pocket from a flow of gases in a cylinder fluidly connected to the pocket to inhibit extinguishment of the flame kernel; igniting an ignition charge containing gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel and air within the pocket via the flame kernel; forming the ignition charge from a mixture of gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel and air conveyed into the pocket and having a substitution ratio of at least 10%; exchanging gases between the pocket and the cylinder in advance of producing the flame kernel to clear the pocket of residual combustion gases; and limiting combustion phasing errors in the gaseous fuel engine system based on the exchanging gases between the pocket and the cylinder; and opening a gaseous fuel admission valve to convey the gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel for forming the ignition charge into the cylinder from a hydrogen fuel supply. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the substitution ratio is 100%. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the ignition charge is non-enriched. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the shielding the pocket includes forming a flow field within the pocket. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein the exchanging gases between the pocket and the cylinder includes exchanging gases through a total of one opening in the igniter. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14 wherein the total of one opening includes an open terminal end of the igniter. ### Claim 16 A gaseous fuel engine system comprising: an engine housing having a cylinder formed therein; a piston reciprocable in the cylinder between a top-dead-center position and a bottom-dead-center position; a gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel supply; an intake system connecting between the gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel supply and the cylinder; an igniter having a pocket formed therein, spark electrodes forming a spark gap within the pocket, and a shielding wall; the shielding wall extending around the pocket and shielding the pocket from gas flow in the cylinder sufficiently to establish within the pocket a flow field for protecting a flame kernel produced by energizing the spark electrodes from extinguishment; and the shielding wall further having formed therein at least one opening sized sufficiently to clear the pocket of residual combustion gases in advance of forming an ignition charge within the pocket containing the gaseous molecular hydrogen fuel and air. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The gaseous fuel engine system of claim 16 wherein the shielding wall includes an unperforated base section extending circumferentially around a center axis, and the spark gap is axially within the unperforated base section. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The gaseous fuel engine system of claim 17 wherein the shielding wall includes a fully open terminal end within the cylinder. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The gaseous fuel engine system of claim 18 wherein a pocket area is defined in a plane normal to the center axis, and the open terminal end forms an opening area greater than 25% of the pocket area.