# US 11,994,006 B2 · Downhole drilling tool with a polycrystalline diamond bearing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 11,994,006 B2 - Document ID: US11994006B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/300,819 - Filed: 2023-04-14 - Published: 2023-09-14 - Granted: 2024-05-28 - Earliest claimed: 2018-07-30 - Assignees: XR Reserve LLC - Applicants: XR Reserve LLC - Inventors: Gregory Prevost; Michael V. Williams; Edward C. Spatz; Michael R. Reese; William W. King; David P. Miess - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11994006B2 ## CPC - E21B 4/003: {Bearing, sealing, lubricating details (for roller bits E21B10/22)} - E21B 10/573: characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract A downhole tool for use in a downhole drill string is provided. The downhole tool includes a rotor movably coupled within a stator, and a drive shaft movably coupled within a bearing housing. The drive shaft has a first end coupled with the rotor and a second end coupled with a drill bit. Bearing assemblies interfaces engagement between the drive shaft and the bearing housing, including polycrystalline diamond elements, each with an engagement surface, and an opposing engagement surface of a non-superhard metal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A downhole tool, the downhole tool comprising: a stator; a rotor, wherein one of the stator and the rotor comprises a metal bearing surface, the metal bearing surface comprising a metal that contains at least 2 weight percent of a diamond solvent or diamond catalyst based on a total weight of the metal; a first bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the first bearing comprising a first polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a first diamond bearing surface, wherein the first polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the first diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface; a second bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the second bearing comprising a second polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a second diamond bearing surface, wherein the second polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the second diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface, and wherein the first bearing is spaced apart from the second bearing; and one or more downhole components coupled with the stator. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component positioned on the stator. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component positioned within the stator. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component attached to the stator. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component embedded in the stator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the rotor and the stator form a power section of the downhole tool. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises a transmission, and wherein the stator comprises a transmission housing. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the rotor comprises a drive shaft, and wherein the stator comprises a bearing housing. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The downhole tool of claim 8, wherein the rotor comprises a bit shaft coupled with the drive shaft. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The downhole tool of claim 9, wherein a drill bit is coupled with the bit shaft. ### Claim 11 (depends on 8) The downhole tool of claim 8, wherein the rotor comprises a drill bit. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The downhole tool of claim 11, wherein the downhole tool comprises a bottom hole assembly, and wherein the bottom hole assembly comprises the drill bit. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The downhole tool of claim 11, wherein the downhole tool comprises a rotary steerable system, and wherein the rotary steerable system comprises the drill bit. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the first bearing is positioned to interface engagement between the rotor and the stator at a first end of the rotor, and wherein the second bearing is positioned to interface engagement between the rotor and the stator at a second end of the rotor. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The downhole tool of claim 14, wherein the first bearing is a first bearing ring comprising a first plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements, the first plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements including the first polycrystalline diamond bearing element, wherein each of the first plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements has a diamond bearing surface engaged with the metal bearing surface; and wherein the second bearing is a second bearing ring comprising a second plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements, the second plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements including the second polycrystalline diamond bearing element, wherein each of the second plurality of polycrystalline diamond bearing elements has a diamond bearing surface engaged with the metal bearing surface. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a sensor and a data storage, wherein the sensor is in communication with the data storage. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The downhole tool of claim 16, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a battery or a generator. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprises a sensor and a communication component, wherein the sensor is in communication with the communication component. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The downhole tool of claim 18, wherein the one or more downhole components comprises a battery or a generator. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise an actuator and a battery or generator. ### Claim 21 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise one or more sensors. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The downhole tool of claim 21, wherein the one or more sensors are in communication with a component at the surface. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The downhole tool of claim 22, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, an accelerometer, a resistivity sensor, an RPM sensor, a caliper, a porosity sensor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The downhole tool of claim 22, wherein the one or more downhole components further comprise a dynamic lateral pad, and wherein the sensor is in communication with the dynamic lateral pad. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The downhole tool of claim 24, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, a resistivity sensor, an accelerometer, a weight on bit sensor, a caliper, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 26 (depends on 22) The downhole tool of claim 22, wherein the downhole tool comprises an MWD tool, and wherein the sensor is in communication with the MWD tool. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The downhole tool of claim 26, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, a resistivity sensor, an accelerometer, a weight on bit sensor, a caliper, a porosity sensor, an RPM sensor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 28 (depends on 22) The downhole tool of claim 22, wherein the downhole tool comprises a rotary steerable tool, and wherein the sensor is in communication with the rotary steerable tool. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The downhole tool of claim 28, wherein the one or more sensors comprises an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, a resistivity sensor, an accelerometer, a weight on bit sensor, a caliper, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 30 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component in communication with a component at the surface. ### Claim 31 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the downhole tool comprises an MWD tool, and wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a downhole component in communication with the MWD tool. ### Claim 32 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a first downhole component in communication with a second downhole component. ### Claim 33 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprises a sensor in communication with another of the one or more downhole components. ### Claim 34 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprises a sensor in communication with a communication or recording component. ### Claim 35 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the stator is a housing, wherein at least a portion of the housing comprises an antenna that is in communication with the one or more downhole components. ### Claim 36 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise an actuator in communication with another of the downhole components. ### Claim 37 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprises a sensor in communication with a transmitter. ### Claim 38 (depends on 37) The downhole tool of claim 37, wherein the sensor is configured to transmit sensor measurement data to another of the one or more downhole components or to a component at the surface. ### Claim 39 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise one or more sensors. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The downhole tool of claim 39, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a dynamic lateral pad, and wherein one or more sensors are in a face of the dynamic lateral pad. ### Claim 41 (depends on 39) The downhole tool of claim 39, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a communication component configured to transmit sensor measurement data from the one or more sensors. ### Claim 42 (depends on 39) The downhole tool of claim 39, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, a resistivity sensor, an accelerometer, a weight on bit sensor, a caliper, a porosity sensor, an RPM sensor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 43 (depends on 39) The downhole tool of claim 39, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an acoustic sensor, a gamma ray sensor, a density sensor, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetic field sensor, a torque sensor, a bending moments sensor, a linear displacement sensor, a nuclear magnetic resonance sensor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 44 (depends on 39) The downhole tool of claim 39, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a gyroscope, an inclinometer, a magnetometer, a scintillation crystal, a densimeter, a thermocouple, a pressure transducer, a strain gauge, a tachometer, a piezoelectric transducer and receiver, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 45 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a dynamic lateral pad, a dynamic lateral cutter, a mandrel driven generator, a reamer blade, a caliper, a rotary electrical connection, a slip ring, a rotary union, a fiber optic rotary joint, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 46 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a communication component, a recording component, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 47 (depends on 46) The downhole tool of claim 46, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a pulser, a data storage, a transmitter, a microprocessor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 48 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the diamond solvent or diamond catalyst comprises iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, chromium, manganese, copper, titanium, tantalum, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 49 (depends on 48) The downhole tool of claim 48, wherein the metal is steel. ### Claim 50 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the metal is softer than a superhard material. ### Claim 51 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the metal is softer than tungsten carbide. ### Claim 52 (depends on 1) The downhole tool of claim 1, wherein the first and second bearings are coupled with the stator. ### Claim 53 (depends on 52) The downhole tool of claim 52, wherein the one or more downhole components are positioned between the spaced apart first and second bearings. ### Claim 54 A downhole tool, the downhole tool comprising: a stator component, the stator component comprising a stator, a transmission housing, and a bearing housing, wherein the transmission housing is coupled between the stator and the bearing housing; a rotor component, the rotor component comprising a rotor, a transmission, a drive shaft, and a drill bit, wherein the transmission is coupled between the rotor and the drive shaft, and wherein the drill bit is positioned on a distal end of the rotor component; wherein one of the stator and the rotor comprises a metal bearing surface, the metal bearing surface comprising a metal that contains at least 2 weight percent of a diamond solvent or diamond catalyst based on a total weight of the metal; a first bearing assembly interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the first bearing assembly comprising a plurality of first polycrystalline diamond bearing elements each having a first diamond bearing surface, wherein the plurality of first polycrystalline diamond bearing elements are positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the first diamond bearing surfaces are engaged with the metal bearing surface; a second bearing assembly interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the second bearing assembly comprising a plurality of second polycrystalline diamond bearing elements each having a second diamond bearing surface, wherein the plurality of second polycrystalline diamond bearing elements are positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the second diamond bearing surfaces are engaged with the metal bearing surface, and wherein the first bearing assembly is spaced apart from the second bearing assembly; and a sensor coupled with the stator component, wherein the sensor is in communication with a component and is configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the component. ### Claim 55 (depends on 54) The downhole tool of claim 54, wherein the component is a component at the surface. ### Claim 56 (depends on 54) The downhole tool of claim 54, wherein the component is a downhole component coupled with the stator component. ### Claim 57 (depends on 54) The downhole tool of claim 54, wherein the sensor is positioned between the spaced apart first and second bearing assemblies. ### Claim 58 A downhole tool, the downhole tool comprising: a stator component, the stator component comprising a stator, a transmission housing, and a bearing housing, wherein the transmission housing is coupled between the stator and the bearing housing; a rotor component, the rotor component comprising a rotor, a transmission, a drive shaft, and a drill bit, wherein the transmission is coupled between the rotor and the drive shaft, and wherein the drill bit positioned at a distal end of the rotor component; wherein one of the stator and the rotor comprises a metal bearing surface, the metal bearing surface comprising a metal that contains at least 2 weight percent of a diamond catalyst or diamond solvent based on a total weight of the metal; a first bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the first bearing comprising a first polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a first diamond bearing surface, wherein the first polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the first diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface; a second bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the second bearing comprising a second polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a second diamond bearing surface, wherein the second polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the second diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface, and wherein the first bearing is spaced apart from the second bearing; and one or more downhole components coupled with the stator. ### Claim 59 (depends on 58) The downhole tool of claim 58, wherein the one or more downhole components comprise a sensor coupled with the stator component. ### Claim 60 (depends on 58) The downhole tool of claim 58, wherein the sensor is in communication with a component at the surface and is configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the component at the surface. ### Claim 61 (depends on 58) The downhole tool of claim 58, wherein the sensor is in communication with a downhole component coupled with the stator component and is configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the downhole component coupled with the stator component. ### Claim 62 (depends on 58) The downhole tool of claim 58, wherein the first and second bearings are coupled with the stator. ### Claim 63 (depends on 62) The downhole tool of claim 62, wherein the one or more downhole components are positioned between the spaced apart first and second bearings. ### Claim 64 A drilling string assembly comprising: a stator component, the stator component comprising a stator, a transmission housing, and a bearing housing, wherein the transmission housing is coupled between the stator and the bearing housing; a rotor component, the rotor component comprising a rotor, a transmission, a drive shaft and a drill bit, wherein the transmission is coupled between the rotor and the drive shaft, and wherein the drill bit is positioned at a distal end of the rotor component; a first bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the first bearing comprising a first polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a first diamond bearing surface, wherein the first polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the first diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface; a second bearing interfacing engagement between the rotor and the stator, the second bearing comprising a second polycrystalline diamond bearing element having a second diamond bearing surface, wherein the second polycrystalline diamond bearing element is positioned relative to the stator and the rotor such that the second diamond bearing surface is engaged with the metal bearing surface, and wherein the first bearing is spaced apart from the second bearing; and one or more sensors coupled with the stator component and configured to measure a direction of the drill string assembly; and a pad coupled with the stator component and an actuator coupled with the pad and configured to extend and retract the pad to steer a direction of the drill string assembly in a target direction. ### Claim 65 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the pad is a dynamic lateral pad. ### Claim 66 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the pad is a dynamic lateral cutter comprising a cutting structure. ### Claim 67 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a sensor in a face of the pad. ### Claim 68 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors are in communication with a component at the surface and are configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the component at the surface. ### Claim 69 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors are in communication with a downhole component that is coupled with the stator and are configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the downhole component. ### Claim 70 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors are in communication with the actuator and are configured to transmit sensor measurement data to the actuator. ### Claim 71 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, further comprising one or more batteries in the stator component, wherein the one or more batteries are coupled with the one or more sensors and the actuator to power the one or more sensors and the actuator. ### Claim 72 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors comprise an inclination sensor, an azimuth sensor, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 73 (depends on 64) The drilling string of claim 64, wherein the one or more sensors comprise a gyroscope, an inclinometer, a magnetometer, or combinations thereof.