# US 11,993,981 B2 · Device for controlling visibility

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- Number: US 11,993,981 B2
- Document ID: US11993981B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/033,840
- Filed: 2021-10-26
- Published: 2023-11-02
- Granted: 2024-05-28
- Earliest claimed: 2020-10-26
- Assignees: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy
- Applicants: Teknologian tutkimuskeskus VTT Oy
- Inventors: Teemu Ruotsalainen; Tapio Mäkelä; Asko Sneck
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11993981B2

## CPC

- E06B 9/24: Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; {Slat blinds}(operating, guiding or securing devices or arrangements for roll-type closures E06B9/56; free-hanging flexible screens A47H23/00)
- F21V 23/0464: {the sensor sensing the level of ambient illumination, e.g. dawn or dusk sensors}
- G02B 6/0038: {Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide}
- G02B 6/006: {to produce indicia, symbols, texts or the like}
- G02B 6/0095: {Light guides as housings, housing portions, shelves, doors, tiles, windows, or the like}
- G06F 21/84: output devices, e.g. displays or monitors
- E06B 3/6722: {with adjustable passage of light}
- E06B 2009/2417: {Light path control; means to control reflection}
- E06B 2009/2464: {featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels}
- E06B 2009/247: {Electrically powered illumination}
- E06B: FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES (shades or blinds for greenhouses A01G9/22; curtains A47H; lids for car boots or bonnets B62D25/10; skylights E04B7/18; sunshades, awnings E04F10/00)
- F21V: FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)

## Abstract

A visibility control device includes one or more light sources to provide input light, a waveguiding substrate, which has a first major surface and a second major surface, and a plurality of light-deflecting grooves implemented on at least one major surface of the substrate. The device is arranged to form guided light by coupling the input light into the substrate, The grooves are arranged to form deflected light by coupling the guided light out of the substrate through the second major surface of the substrate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for controlling visibility by using a visibility control device, the visibility control device comprising:
one or more light sources to provide input light, and
a waveguiding substrate, which has a first major surface and a second major surface,
wherein an out-coupling region of the substrate comprises a plurality of grooves implemented on the first major surface and/or on the second major surface,
wherein the device is arranged to form guided light by coupling the input light into the substrate,
wherein the grooves are arranged to form deflected light by coupling the guided light out of the substrate through the second major surface of the substrate,
wherein the device has a first viewing region at a first side of the device, and a second viewing region at a second side of the device, wherein the device is arranged to provide the deflected light such that the deflected light prevents a second observer from viewing from the second viewing region to the first viewing region, wherein the device at the same time allows a first observer located in the first viewing region to view from the first viewing region to the second viewing region through the device,
wherein the device comprises a first sensor for measuring illumination level in the first viewing region,
wherein the device comprises a second sensor for measuring illumination level in the second viewing region,
and wherein the device is arranged to control the intensity of the deflected light according to the measured illumination level in the first viewing region and according to the measured illumination level in the second viewing region,
the method comprising:
placing an auxiliary sensor to a measurement position in the second viewing region,
selecting one or more parameters of a control system of the device by using the auxiliary sensor at said measurement position for detecting an intensity of object light transmitted from the first viewing region to the second viewing region through the substrate, and
using the visibility control device to project the deflected light to the second viewing region,
wherein the object light is received from an object located in the first viewing region, and
wherein the intensity of the projected deflected light is selected to be greater than or equal to the intensity of the object light transmitted from the first viewing region to the second viewing region through the substrate.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first sensor is arranged to provide a first illumination level signal by selectively detecting irradiance in the first viewing region, by rejecting light, which comes from the second viewing region.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein an area covered by the grooves within the out-coupling region of the substrate is selected to be smaller than 5% of the area of the out-coupling region such that average optical attenuation in the out-coupling region is smaller than 20% for visible light, which is transmitted through the substrate in a direction, which is perpendicular to the first major surface, wherein the average optical attenuation is the average value of optical attenuation over the out-coupling region.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the grooves is in the range of 1 μm to 10 μm, and wherein the depth of the grooves is in the range of 0.5 μm to 5 μm.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the grooves is in the range of 1 μm to 7 μm.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein an average distance between adjacent grooves is smaller than 0.6 mm within the out-coupling region.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the first major surface comprises light-deflecting grooves, which have reflective facets.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the second major surface comprises light-deflecting grooves, which have refractive facets.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a first out-coupling region and a second out-coupling region, wherein the out-coupling properties of the first out-coupling region are different from the out-coupling properties of the second out-coupling region, and wherein a boundary between the first out-coupling region and the second out-coupling region represents a graphical pattern.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a curved waveguide.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one major surface of the substrate is arranged to provide total internal reflection of the guided light by operating as a solid-gas interface.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, comprising changing intensity of the projected deflected light by controlling operation of at least one of the light sources.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, comprising adjusting the intensity IB2 of the deflected light as a function of illumination levels E11 and E22 according to an equation
IB2=IB2,REF·(k11·E11−k22−E22+k3)
where IB2,REF denotes a reference value of the intensity of the deflected light, E11 denotes measured illumination level in the first viewing region, E22 denotes a measured or estimated illumination level in the second viewing region, wherein k11, k22, k3 are selectable constants.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, comprising using the device as a controllable privacy screen.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, comprising using the device as a window of a building, as a window of a room, or as a window of a vehicle.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, comprising using the device to prevent visibility of information displayed on a display.

### Claim 17 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, wherein the second sensor is arranged to provide a second illumination level signal by selectively detecting irradiance in the second viewing region, by rejecting light, which comes from the substrate, and by rejecting light which comes from the first viewing region.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The method according to claim 13, wherein the reference value is selected such that the intensity of the projected deflected light is greater than or equal to the intensity of the object light in a situation where the illumination level in the second viewing region is zero.