# US 11,993,275 B2 · Engine friction monitor

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- Number: US 11,993,275 B2
- Document ID: US11993275B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/026,699
- Filed: 2020-09-21
- Published: 2021-01-07
- Granted: 2024-05-28
- Earliest claimed: 2018-04-02
- Assignees: Cummins Inc.
- Applicants: Cummins Inc.
- Inventors: Phanindra V. Garimella; James Ryan Hyslop; Venkatramanan Jayaraman; Pallav Pathak; Michael Justin Tammen; Patrick J. Shook; Randall J. Johnson; Travis Alva Anderson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11993275B2

## CPC

- B60W 50/038: Limiting the input power, torque or speed
- F02D 41/22: Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions {(in air/fuel ratio feedback systems F02D41/1495, in electric control linkage F02D11/107, in purge control systems F02M25/0809)}
- B60W 20/50: Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
- F02D 41/1497: {With detection of the mechanical response of the engine}
- B60W 2710/083: Torque
- F02D 41/2429: {Methods of calibrating or learning}
- F02D 2200/1002: Output torque
- F02D 2200/1006: Engine torque losses, e.g. friction or pumping losses or losses caused by external loads of accessories
- F02D 2250/18: Control of the engine output torque
- B60W: CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- F02D: CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES (vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W)

## Abstract

An engine friction monitor uses commanded torque and measured torque to provide a prognostic feature to identify failure modes of an engine that causes the engine from delivering the commanded torque.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method, comprising:
determining, by an engine control module, a commanded torque and a measured torque of an engine;
determining, by an engine friction monitor, a torque error in response to a differential between the commanded torque and the measured torque, and determining, by the engine friction monitor, a slope error in response to a differential between a rate of change of the commanded torque and a rate of change of the measured torque;
defining, by the engine friction monitor, a baseline error space based on a learned torque error and a learned slope error and establishing, by the engine friction monitor, a baseline threshold boundary within the baseline error space based on a monitoring confidence level, the baseline threshold boundary dividing the baseline error space into a first torque area below the baseline threshold boundary and a second torque area above the baseline threshold boundary; and
classifying, by the engine friction monitor, torque data from the engine in the first torque area and the second torque area based on the torque error and the slope error, wherein the torque data classified in the second torque area is indicative of an engine friction condition.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising predicting, by the engine friction monitor, a failure of the engine based on the classified torque data.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2, further comprising derating, by the engine control module, the engine in response to the failure prediction.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein classifying the torque data includes placing the torque data in the second torque area in one of a plurality of classification point buckets based on a magnitude of the torque error in the second torque area relative to the baseline threshold boundary.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the plurality of classification point buckets represent escalating indicators for a failure prediction of the engine.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein defining the baseline error space includes learning a nominal error space having a nominal threshold boundary based on the learned torque error and the learned slope error.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein establishing the baseline threshold boundary includes modifying the nominal threshold boundary by weighting torque data over time that is classified in the second torque area.

### Claim 8

A system for monitoring engine friction, comprising:
an engine control module for operably controlling an engine, wherein the engine control module is configured to determine a commanded torque to the engine and a measured torque from the engine;
an engine friction monitor that is configured to:
determine a torque error in response to a differential between the commanded torque and the measured torque and determine a slope error in response to a differential between a rate of change of the commanded torque and a rate of change of the measured torque;
establish a baseline threshold boundary based on a learned torque error, a learned slope error, and a monitoring confidence level, the baseline threshold boundary dividing a baseline error space into a first torque area below the baseline threshold boundary and a second torque area above the baseline threshold boundary; and
classify torque data from the engine into one of the first torque area and the second torque area based on the torque error and the slope error.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the engine friction monitor outputs a failure prediction monitor to the engine control module based on the classified torque data, wherein the torque data classified in the second torque area is indicative of an engine friction condition.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The system of claim 9, wherein the engine control module is configured to derate the engine in response to the failure prediction.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the engine friction monitor is configured to classify the torque data by placing the torque data in the second torque area in one of a plurality of classification point buckets based on a magnitude of the torque error in the second torque area relative to the baseline threshold boundary.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the classification point buckets represent escalating indicators for a failure prediction of the engine.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, wherein the engine friction monitor is configured to modify the baseline threshold boundary by weighting torque data over time that is classified in the second torque area.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The system of claim 8, further comprising a monitor enabler that is in communication with the engine friction monitor that is configured to enable engine friction monitoring in response to one or more enablement conditions being present.

### Claim 15

An engine friction monitoring apparatus, comprising:
an engine friction monitor in communication with an engine control module that operably controls an engine, wherein the engine control module is configured to determine a commanded torque to the engine and a measured torque from the engine, wherein the engine friction monitor includes:
a torque baseliner configured to intermittently derive a monitoring confidence level from the commanded torque of the engine and the measured torque of the engine, the monitoring confidence level being based on an operational status of the engine as indicated by the commanded torque and the measured torque, and wherein the torque baseliner is further configured to intermittently derive a feedback target from the commanded torque and the measured torque;
an error calculator configured to intermittently derive a torque error and a slope error in response to the feedback target, the torque error being a differential between the commanded torque and the measured torque, the slope error being a differential between a rate of change of the commanded torque and a rate of change of the measured torque; and
a torque classifier configured to establish a monitoring threshold boundary within a monitoring error space in response to the monitoring confidence level, the monitoring threshold boundary dividing the monitoring error space into a first torque area below the monitoring threshold boundary and a second torque area above the monitoring threshold boundary, and wherein the torque classifier is further configured to classify points of torque data in one of the first and second torque areas based on the torque error and the slope error.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a failure predictor configured to predict an impending engine failure from an accumulation of points classified in the second torque area.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the torque baseliner selects the monitoring confidence level between a first confidence level and a second confidence level that is lower than the first confidence level in response to engine operating conditions.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the engine control module is configured to derate the engine in response an output from the torque classifier.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a torque signal processor that receives the commanded torque and the measured torque from the engine control module, and the torque signal processor is configured to apply a transient filter to the commanded torque and the measured torque that is provided to the torque baseliner.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a monitor enabler in communication with the engine control module that is configured to enable engine friction monitoring in response to one or more enablement conditions being present.