# US 11,992,685 B2 · Neurostimulator and method for delivering a stimulation in response to a predicted or detected neurophysiological condition

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 11,992,685 B2
- Document ID: US11992685B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/161,086
- Filed: 2021-01-28
- Published: 2021-07-22
- Granted: 2024-05-28
- Earliest claimed: 2016-07-20
- Applicants: The Governing Council of the University of Toronto
- Inventors: Hossein Kassiri Bidhendi; Nima Soltani; Roman Genov
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11992685B2

## CPC

- A61N 1/36135: {using physiological parameters}
- A61B 5/0031: {Implanted circuitry}
- A61B 5/0042: {for the brain}
- A61B 5/14532: {for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement}
- A61B 5/14546: {for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes}
- A61B 5/318: Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B 5/384: Recording apparatus or displays specially adapted therefor
- A61B 5/398: Electrooculography [EOG], e.g. detecting nystagmus; Electroretinography [ERG]
- A61B 5/4094: {Diagnosing or monitoring seizure diseases, e.g. epilepsy}
- A61B 5/686: {Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips (A61B5/6861 takes precedence)}
- A61B 5/7225: {Details of analogue processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation (input circuits for detecting, measuring, or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/30; specific diagnostic methods using bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/316)}
- A61B 5/7275: {Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor}
- A61B 5/7282: {Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition (cough events A61B5/0823; seizures A61B5/4094; sleep apnoea A61B5/4818)}
- A61N 1/0456: {Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]}
- A61N 1/0476: {Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)}
- A61N 1/0529: {Electrodes for brain stimulation}
- A61N 1/0551: {Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes}
- A61N 1/36: for stimulation
- A61N 1/36031: {using physiological parameters for adjustment}
- A61N 1/36034: {specified by the stimulation parameters}
- A61N 1/36057: {adapted for stimulating afferent nerves}
- A61N 1/36139: {with automatic adjustment}
- A61N 1/3756: {Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators}
- G06N 20/00: Machine learning
- A61N 1/37514: {Brain implants}
- A61N 1/3787: {from an external energy source}
- A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B)
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- G06N: COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS

## Abstract

There is provided a neurostimulator and method for delivering to a subject a stimulation in response to a predicted or detected condition. The neurostimulator including: a power circuit for providing electrical power to the neurostimulator; a recording array having a plurality of electrodes for recording a plurality of neurophysiological signals corresponding to a plurality of sites of the subject; a signal processor configured to: determine a phase synchrony among the neurophysiological signals; and associate selected phase synchrony calculations with the prediction or detection of a neurological or neurophysiological condition; and one or more stimulators for delivering to the subject a stimulation in response to the predicted or detected condition.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A neurostimulator, the neurostimulator implantable or wearable on a subject, the neurostimulator comprising:
a power circuit for providing electrical power to the neurostimulator;
a recording array having a plurality of electrodes for recording a plurality of neurophysiological signals corresponding to a plurality of sites of the subject;
a signal processor configured to:
determine a phase synchrony among the neurophysiological signals; and
associate selected phase synchrony calculations with the prediction or detection of a neurological or neurophysiological condition; and
one or more stimulators for delivering to the subject a stimulation in response to the predicted or detected condition,
wherein the stimulation comprises generating and applying an arbitrary current-mode waveform to a subset of the stimulators and wherein the arbitrary current-mode waveform is generated by a waveform generator that provides the signal and its derivative for use in the calculation of phase synchrony.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the responsive stimulation comprises any one or more of an electrical charge, electrical current, electrical voltage, optical signal, chemical agent and temperature controlling signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the power circuit comprises a wireless inductive link permitting a receiver coil to be located remotely from the neurostimulator.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the recording array records signals by electroencephalography, electrocardiography, electromyography, or a combination thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the recording array is configured to record either current or voltage.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the neurostimulator further comprises a digitizer, and the recording array is linked to the digitizer for digitizing the neurophysiological signals.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The neurostimulator of claim 6, wherein the digitizer comprises an in-channel ΔΣ or Δ2Σ neural analog-to-digital converter.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The neurostimulator of claim 6, wherein the signal processor is a digital signal processor.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the recording array comprises sixty four channels.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the recorded signals are modulated by a 1-bit waveform, wherein the waveform is 1 when sin(ωot)/cos(ωot)>1 and 0 when sin(ωot)/cos(ωot)<0.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the arbitrary current-mode waveform is generated with a spatio-temporal profile determined specifically for the subject.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The neurostimulator of claim 11, wherein the determination of the spatio-temporal profile comprises a one-sided simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA), wherein for any particular stimulation the one-sided SPSA applies exactly one sampling of the phase synchrony to compute a gradient approximation.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The neurostimulator of claim 1, wherein the waveform generator provides an analog in-channel multiplier for the recording array.