# US 11,992,338 B2 · System and method used to detect or differentiate tissue or an artifact

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- Number: US 11,992,338 B2
- Document ID: US11992338B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/417,746
- Filed: 2019-12-27
- Published: 2022-09-15
- Granted: 2024-05-28
- Earliest claimed: 2018-12-30
- Assignees: Briteseed, LLC
- Applicants: Briteseed, LLC
- Inventors: Amal Chaturvedi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US11992338B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/489: {Blood vessels}
- A61B 5/1079: {using optical or photographic means}
- A61B 5/1459: invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter
- A61B 5/4836: {Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods (A61B5/0036 takes precedence)}
- A61B 5/6847: {mounted on an invasive device}
- A61B 5/7239: {using differentiation including higher order derivatives}
- A61B 5/725: {using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters (specific diagnostics methods using using bioelectric or biomagnetic signals A61B5/316)}
- A61B 2505/05: Surgical care
- A61B 2562/0238: Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
- A61B 2562/043: in a linear array
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)

## Abstract

A surgical system includes at least one light emitter and an array of light sensors disposed at the working end of the surgical instrument, individual light sensors in the array of light sensors adapted to generate a signal comprising a non-pulsatile component. The system also includes a controller coupled to the array of light sensors, the controller including an analyzer configured to determine a curve of the non-pulsatile components of the signals of each of the individual light sensors in the array of light sensors, smooth the curve, calculate a derivative of the smoothed curve; invert the smoothed curve, calculate a derivative of the inverted smoothed curve, take a difference between the derivatives, smooth the resultant curve, estimate zero crossings of the smoothed, resultant curve, apply a signum function to points adjacent each zero crossing, if any, and identify a region of interest, if any, based on the result.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A surgical system including a surgical instrument, the surgical system comprising:
at least one light emitter disposed at a working end of the surgical instrument;
an array of light sensors disposed at the working end of the surgical instrument, individual light sensors in the array of light sensors adapted to generate a signal comprising a non-pulsatile component; and
a controller coupled to the array of light sensors, the controller comprising an analyzer configured to:
determine a curve of the non-pulsatile components of the signals of each of the individual light sensors in the array of light sensors,
smooth the curve to generate a smoothed curve;
calculate a derivative of the smoothed curve;
invert the smoothed curve to generate an inverted smoothed curve;
calculate a derivative of the inverted smoothed curve;
take a difference between the derivative of the inverted smoothed curve and the derivative of the smoothed curve to generate a resultant curve;
smooth the resultant curve to generate a smoothed, resultant curve;
estimate zero crossings of the smoothed, resultant curve;
apply a signum function to points adjacent each zero crossing, if any, to generate a result; and
identify a region of interest, if any, based on the result for points adjacent each zero crossing, if any.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate a 3-point differentiation of the smoothed curve to calculate the derivative of the smoothed curve.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to calculate a 3-point differentiation of the inverted smoothed curve to calculate the derivative of the inverted smoothed curve.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to interpolate the smoothed, resultant curve before estimating zero crossings of the smoothed, resultant curve.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to identify a plurality of regions of interest based on the result for points adjacent each zero crossing, to identify a region from the plurality of regions of interest, and to characterize an artifact associated with the region.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a processor and memory, the analyzer comprising the processor programmed to determine a curve of the non-pulsatile components of the signals of each of the individual light sensors in the array of light sensors, to smooth the curve to generate a smoothed curve, to calculate a derivative of the smoothed curve, to invert the smoothed curve to generate an inverted smoothed curve, to calculate a derivative of the inverted smoothed curve, to take a difference between the derivative of the inverted smoothed curve and the derivative of the smoothed curve to generate a resultant curve, to smooth the resultant curve to generate a smoothed, resultant curve, to estimate zero crossings of the smoothed, resultant curve, to apply a signum function to points adjacent each zero crossing, if any, to generate a result, and to identify a region of interest, if any, based on the result for points adjacent each zero crossing, if any.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The surgical system according to claim 1, wherein the analyzer is configured to characterize an artifact based on the region of interest identified.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The surgical system according to claim 7, wherein the analyzer is configured to determine a diameter or an effective diameter of a vessel based on the region of interest identified.